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<div id="global_content"><div id="table_faq"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%"><tr><td width="2%" valign="top"></td><td valign="top" colspan="3"><span class="page_title">Frequently Asked Questions</span><p><a href="/helper"><img src="images/helper.png" alt="OID helper" height="55" width="55" border="0" align="middle"></a> Try to ask your question directly to your new <a href="http://www.pandorabots.com/pandora/talk?botid=c6bc63db9e377b4f">OID helper</a></p><ol><li><a href="#1">What are the standards that define OIDs and the OIDtree?</a></li><li><a href="#2">Which kind of objects can be referenced by OIDs?</a></li><li><a href="#3">Where can I learn more about OIDs and their registration?</a></li><li><a href="#4">How to add information to the OID repository?</a></li><li><a href="#modify">How to modify the description of an OID?</a></li><li><a href="#6">How to delete an OID (or move it elsewhere in the OIDtree)?</a></li><li><a href="#7">How does the OID repository provided on this websitecompare with Harald Alvestrand's repository?</a></li><li><a href="#8">How to reference an OID description in this repository?</a></li><li><a href="#9">How many OIDs are currently described in this repository?</a></li><li><a href="#10">How to get an OID assigned?</a></li><li><a href="#national-RA">What decision needs be taken if a countrywants a national Registration Authority for OIDs?</a></li><li><a href="#12">Are there guidelines or standards regarding subsequentarcs of a country arc?</a></li><li><a href="#13">What is the Internet OID?</a></li><li><a href="#14">Where does the dot notation for OIDs come from?</a></li><li><a href="#15">Why are top-level arcs restricted to three arcs numbered<tt>0</tt> to <tt>2</tt>, and why are arcs beneath top-level arcs<tt>0</tt> and <tt>1</tt> restricted to fourty arcs numbered <tt>0</tt>to <tt>39</tt>?</a></li><li><a href="#16">What do we call a registration tree (or object identifiertree)?</a></li><li><a href="#17">What is the ASN.1 notation of an OID?</a></li><li><a href="#management">How is the entire registration tree managed?</a></li><li><a href="#features">Which features are offered by this repository?</a></li><li><a href="#syntax-rules">What are the syntax rules to enter informationabout OIDs through the web interface?</a></li><li><a href="#oid-info">Which information is necessary to apply foran OID?</a></li><li><a href="#example">Is there a particular OID that can be used fordocumenting examples of object identifiers?</a></li><li><a href="#registration-authorities">What is the difference betweenthe first and current Registration Authorities that appear in thedescription of some OIDs? What is their duty?</a></li><li><a href="#mib">What constraints are imposed to OIDs used in SNMPMIBs (Management Information Bases)?</a></li><li><a href="#lookup">Is there a way to look up an OID in the OID repositoryfrom my web browser?</a></li><li><a href="#leaf">What is a leaf OID? What is a frozen OID?</a></li><li><a href="#orphan">What is an orphan OID?</a></li><li><a href="#iri">What is an OID-IRI (Internationalized Resource Identifier)?</a></li><li><a href="#29">What are the duties of a Registration Authority?</a></li><li><a href="#size-limitations">Are there size limitations for OID encoding?</a></li><li><a href="#31">Are there binary encoders/decoders for OIDs?</a></li><li><a href="#cookies">Does this web site use cookies?</a><br><li><a href="#33">How does this web site protect users' privacy?</a></li></ol><br /></td></tr></table></div><div id="table_answers_in_faq"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%"><tr><td width="2%" valign="top"></td><td valign="top" colspan="3"><span class="page_title">Answers</span><ol><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="1"></a>What are the standards that define OIDs and the OID tree?<a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#1" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Q1');"></a></li><div id="question" style="display:block; width:auto; height:auto">They are defined in the <a href="standards.htm">Recommendation ITU-TX.660 | ISO/IEC 9834 series</a>. A new release of the whole serieshas been published in 2008; a new release of <a href="http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/X.660">RecommendationITU-T X.660 | ISO/IEC 9834-1</a> is planned for 2014 .<br>Binary encodings of OIDs are specified in <a href="http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.690/en">Rec.ITU-T X.690 | ISO/IEC 8825-1</a> for the Binary (BER) and Distinguished(DER) Encoding rules, in <a href="http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.691/en">Rec.ITU-T X.691 | ISO/IEC 8825-2</a> for the Packed Encoding rules (PER).An XML encoding of OIDs is specified in <a href="http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.693/en">Rec.ITU-T X.693 | ISO/IEC 8825-3</a>. (See also <a href="faq.htm#31">question31</a> about binary encoders/decoders for OIDs.)<br><br></div><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="2"></a>Which kind of objects can be referenced by OIDs?<a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#2" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Q2');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">Objects that can typically be identified by an object identifier are(non exhaustively):<ul><li>an <a href="/cgi-bin/display?tree=0.0">ITU-T Recommendation</a>,an <a href="/cgi-bin/display?tree=1.0&see=all">ISO InternationalStandard</a>;</li><li>a <a href="country_oids.htm">country</a>, a company, aproject;</li><li>a certificate policy specified according to <a href="http://itu.int/ITU-T/X.500">Rec.ITU-T X.500</a>;</li><li>an encryption algorithm (for example <a href="/get/1.3.14.3.2.26">SHA-1</a>);</li><li><a href="/get/2.27">identification schemes</a> for tag-basedapplications (see <a href="http://itu.int/ITU-T/X.668">RecommendationITU-T X.668 | ISO/IEC 9834-9</a>);</li><li>e-health data (for example, data from the <a href="/get/2.16.840.1.113883">HL7Consortium</a>);</li><li>Common Alerting Protocol (<a href="/get/0.0.24.1303">CAP</a>)emergency messages;</li><li>an attribute of an ITU-T X.500- or LDAP-based directory to makeup a <code>DistinguishedName</code>;</li><li>an ASN.1 module (for example, for the <a href="/get/2.41.0.1">BioAPIInterworking Protocol</a>), an ASN.1 type (or abstract syntax);</li><li>a <a href="/cgi-bin/display?tree=2.1(1,2,3,4,5">set of ASN.1encoding rules</a>;</li><li>a MIB for SNMP network management;</li><li>a managed object class, one of its attributes, a notificationor even other templates used in the area of network managementand the GDMO standard (see <a href="http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.722/en">RecommendationITU-T X.722 | ISO/IEC 10165-4</a>);</li><li>an information object (see <a href="http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.681/en">RecommendationITU-T X.681 | ISO/IEC 8824-2</a>);</li><li>the type of some part of an ITU-T X.400 electronic message body;</li><li>a file format;</li><li>etc.<br><br></li></ul></div><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="3"></a>Where can I learn more about OIDs and their registration?<a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#3" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Q3');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">Apart from the <a href="standards.htm">official standards</a> (see<a href="faq.htm#1">question 1</a>), OIDs are explained in:<ul><li><a href="http://www.itu.int/oth/T0B04000048/en">OID flyer</a>from ITU-T Study Group 17;</li><li><a href="http://www.itu.int/pub/T-HDB-LNG.4-2010">ITU handbook</a>on Object identifiers (OIDs) and their registration authorities;</li><li>a quick <a href="doc/introduction%20to%20object%20identifiers%20(OIDs).pdf">introductionto OIDs</a>, by Olivier Dubuisson;</li><li>section 10.8 of Olivier Dubuisson's <a href="http://www.oss.com/asn1/dubuisson.html">book"ASN.1 - Communication between heterogeneous systems"</a>;</li><li>John Larmouth's <a href="http://www.oss.com/asn1/larmouth.html">book"ASN.1 complete"</a>;</li><li>a tutorial by John Larmouth entitled "Registration authoritiesfor OID components" [<a href="doc/OID-tutorial.htm">html</a>][<a href="doc/OID-tutorial.ppt">ppt</a>];</li><li>a presentation entitled "<a href="doc/MoU%20presentation%20on%20OIDs.pdf">Identifyingobjects: The ASN.1 approach</a>";</li><li>see also <a href="#16">question 16</a>.<br><br></li></ul></div><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="4"></a>How to add information to the OID repository? <a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#4" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">There are at least 4 ways of adding a new OID description tothe repository: <br>a. Enter the OID value in the box under "Add a description for thefollowing OID to the database" on the <a href="/">main page</a> andclick on the "Create" button; a new page will then be displayed withsome boxes to fill. You can also enter the OID in the following box:<br><form method="post" action="/cgi-bin/manage" enctype="multipart/form-data"><input type="hidden" name="action" value="create"> <strong>{</strong><input type="text" name="oid" size="30" value=""><strong>}</strong><input type="submit" name="submit" value="Create"></form>b. Go to the parent OID of the OID that you want to add (i.e. the OID at the immediate upper level in the OID tree) and clickon the "Create a child OID" link on the top right-hand side of thepage; a new page will then be displayed with some boxes to fill.<br>c. Go to an OID at the same level as the OID that you want to add (a.k.a. sibling OID)and click on the "Create a sibling OID" link on the top right-handside of the page; a new page will then be displayed with some boxesto fill.<br>d. If you have a lot of OID descriptions to add, it is more convenientto describe them in an XML document that conforms to our <a href="oid.xsd">XMLSchema for OIDs</a> and <a href="submit.htm">submit</a> this documentthrough the web interface. <br><em>Note: In all 4 cases, the person (if any) you mention as <a href="#registration-authorities">registrant</a>for the OID, and the person (if known) who is the <a href="#registration-authorities">registrant</a>for the parent OID are automatically informed by email and can makecomments on your submission. The description of an OID will not bevisible until it is validated by the webmaster who is also automaticallyinformed by email.</em><br><strong><br></strong></div><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="modify"></a>How to modify the description of an OID? <a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#5" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">If you want to update an OID that is described in the OID repository,please click on the "Modify this OID" hyperlink at the top-rightof the web page that describes the OID or enter the OID in the followingbox:<form method="post" action="/cgi-bin/manage" enctype="multipart/form-data"><input type="hidden" name="action" value="modify"> <strong>{</strong><input type="text" name="oid" size="30" value=""><strong>}</strong><input type="submit" name="submit" value="Suggest a modification"></form><em>Note: Your proposed modifications will have to be validated bythe <a href="#registration-authorities">registrant</a> of the OIDbeing modified (if known), the <a href="#registration-authorities">registrant</a>of the parent OID (if known) and the OID repository administrator(who will all be automatically informed by e-mail) before they getpublished.</em><br>If the First or Current Registration Authorities requested privacyprotection, their postal address, email address and phone number arenot displayed (but you can receive them by email). In that case, pleaseuse the "Comments" box at the bottom of the "Suggesta modification" web page to describe the changes.<br>If an OID is misplaced in the OID tree and should be moved elsewherein the tree, please use the "Comments" box at the bottomof the "Suggest a modification" web page to be displayedto explain where (and why) the OID should be moved.<br>You can also mention in the "Comments" box that an OID isa <a href="#leaf">leaf</a> in the OID tree (i.e. child OIDs cannotbe allocated) or is <a href="#leaf">frozen</a> (i.e. no more childOIDs can be allocated).<br><br></div><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="6"></a>How to delete an OID (or move it elsewhere in the OIDtree)? <a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#6" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">According to <a href="http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.660/en">RecommendationITU-T X.660 | ISO 9834-1</a>, an OID shall not be deleted once ithas been allocated by a Registration Authority. However there be thecase that an OID is decribed in this OID repository but was neverofficially allocated by the Registration Authority for the parentOID (or is misplaced in the OID tree). In this case the OID has tobe deleted from the OID repository (or moved elsewhere). To requestthe deletion (or to propose to move it elsewhere) please click onthe "Modify this OID" hyperlink at the top-right of theweb page that describes the OID or enter the OID in the followingbox:<form method="post" action="/cgi-bin/manage" enctype="multipart/form-data"><input type="hidden" name="action" value="modify"> <strong>{</strong><input type="text" name="oid" size="30" value=""><strong>}</strong><input type="submit" name="submit" value="Suggest deletion"></form>Use the "Comments" box at the bottom of the web page tobe displayed to explain why the OID should be deleted (or moved elsewhere).Your suggestion will have to be validated by the registrant of theOID (if known), the registrant of the parent OID (if known) and theOID repository administrator (who will all be automatically informedby e-mail) before they get published.</div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="7"></a>How does the OID repository provided on this websitecompare with Harald Alvestrand's repository? <a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#7" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">We get Harald's agreement to dump his repository and merge the datainto our repository. This was done in June 2003 and our OID repositorynow encompasses <a href="http://www.alvestrand.no/objectid/">Harald'sregistry</a>.</div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="8"></a>How to reference an OID description in this repository? <a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#8" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">The shortest and easiest means is to append the OID (whether it isin ASN.1 notation, dot notation or <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3061.txt">URNnotation</a>) to the <a href="/get/">http://oid-info.com/get/</a>URL, <em>e.g.</em>:<ul><li> <a href="/get/2.999">http://oid-info.com/get/2.999</a> (recommended);</li><li><a href="/get/%7Bjoint-iso-itu-t%20example(999)%7D">http://oid-info.com/get/{jointiso-itu-t example(999)}</a> (ASN.1 notation);</li><li><a href="/get/urn:oid:2.999">http://oid-info.com/get/urn:oid:2.999</a>(URN notation);</li><li><a href="/get//Joint-ISO-ITU-T/Example">http://oid-info.com/get//Joint-ISO-ITU-T/Example</a>or <a href="/get//2/999">http://oid-info.com/get//2/999</a> (OID-IRInotation; with a '/' at the beginning of the OID notation, hencetwo '/'s after 'get');</li><li><a href="/get//Example">http://oid-info.com/get//Example</a>(OID-IRI notation using a long arc; with a '/' at the beginningof the OID notation, hence two '/'s after 'get').<br><br></li></ul></div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="9"></a>How many OIDs are currently described in this repository? <a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#9" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">There are more than 930 000 OID descriptions stored in our repository(see <a href="/cgi-bin/display?action=count_nodes">exact number</a>).The repository is well alive and updated as often as necessary; <a href="/cgi-bin/display?action=count_nodes">statistics</a>are available about the number of OIDs added to the repository (orupdated) over the past 12 months. A (non-exhaustive) list of standards(and other documents that define OIDs) which have been captured inour repository is <a href="captured-standards.htm">available</a>.</div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="10"></a>How to get an OID assigned? <a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#10" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">The original intention of the <a href="http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.660/en">RecommendationITU-T X.660 | ISO/IEC 9834</a> series was that anyone should be ableto get an OID if they needed one. There are registration authoritiesfrom which it is easy and quite cheap (sometimes even free!) to havean OID assigned, such as (<em>important note</em>: OIDs have to be requestedfrom those registrations authorities because this OID repository is<em>not</em> a registration authority):</li><ul><li>If you only need an OID for an example in a document, use <code><a href="/get/2.999">{joint-iso-itu-t(2)example(999)}</a></code> as explained in <a href="#example">question22</a>.</li><li><a href="country_oids.htm#agreements">Several countries</a>are handling out OIDs (usually after paying a fee decided by thenational registration authority) under their country arc <a href="/get/2.16"><code>{joint-iso-itu-t(2)country(16)}</code></a> and/or <a href="/get/1.2"><code>{iso(1) member-body(2)}</code></a>(see <a href="country_codes.htm">correspondence table betweencountry codes and OIDs</a>). (Note: If you are representing a countryand want to nominate a registration authority for your country arcunder <a href="/get/1.2"><code>{iso(1) member-body(2)}</code></a> or<a href="/get/2.16"><code>{joint-iso-itu-t(2) country(16)}</code></a>,please see <a href="#11">question 11</a> below.)</li><li><a href="https://pen.iana.org/pen/PenApplication.page">IANA</a>(Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) hands out OIDs for free under<a href="/get/1.3.6.1.4.1"><code>{iso(1) identified-organization(3)dod(6) internet(1) private(4) enterprise(1)}</code></a>; these OIDsare used a lot (but not only) to identify Management InformationBases (MIBs) for network management (SNMP).</li><li><a href="http://webapp.etsi.org/ASN1ObjectTree/ASN1.asp">ETSI</a>(European Telecommunication Standards Institute) hands out OIDsunder <code><a href="/get/0.4.0.127.0">{itu-t(0) identified-organization(4)etsi(0) reserved(127) etsi-identified-organization(0)}</a></code>even for non-ETSI-members.</li><li>Network operators can have an OID assigned by ITU-T under <code><a href="/get/0.3">{itu-t(0)network-operator(3)}</a></code>; telecom operators can have an OIDassigned by their national PTT administration under <code><a href="/get/0.2">{itu-t(0)administration(2)}</a></code>.</li></ul><ul><li>ViaThinkSoft <a href="https://www.viathinksoft.de/freeoid/index.php">freelyassigns</a> an OID to private persons and developers of freeware,shareware or open-source software under <a href="/get/1.3.6.1.4.1.37476.9000"><code>{iso(1)identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1) private(4) enterprise(1)37476 freesub(9000)}</code></a>.</li><li>Dave Harvey (UK) <a href="http://www.medicalconnections.co.uk/Free_UID">sub-delegateranges of his own OID</a> to anyone who uses a <a href="http://medical.nema.org/">DICOM</a>toolkit (communication in medicine).</li><li>You can <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/ad/obtaining-an-object-identifier-from-microsoft">obtainan OID from Microsoft</a> to extend the Active Directory schema.</li><li>You can <a href="http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/asn1/uuid.html#UUID%20Generation%20&%20Registration">generatea UUID</a> (or use a UUID that you already hold) and append it asa subsequent arc of <a href="/get/2.25"><code>{joint-iso-itu-t(2)uuid(25)}</code></a> (without registering it because it is guaranteedto be globally unique with a high probability) according to<a href="http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.667/en">RecommendationITU-T X.667 | ISO/IEC 9834-8</a> (but see <a href="#size-limitations">question30 about size limitations of OID encodings</a>).<br><br></li></ul></div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="national-RA"></a>What decision needs be taken if a countrywants a national Registration Authority for OIDs?<a href="#11" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div align="right"><a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a></div><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">Country arcs are the subsequent arcs of <a href="/get/1.2"><code>{iso(1)member-body(2)}</code></a> and <a href="/get/2.16"><code>{joint-iso-itu-t(2)country(16)}</code></a>. The values assigned to country arcs are the<a href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49alpha.htm">numericalcodes</a> (without leading zeros) assigned by the United Nations StatisticsDivision together with the corresponding and the <a href="https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#search">ISO3166-1-alpha-2 code</a>. <a href="/get/1.2"><code>{iso(1) member-body(2)}</code></a>was deprecated in favour of <a href="/get/2.16"><code>{joint-iso-itu-t(2)country(16)}</code></a>, thus countries which have never been operatinga national Registration Authority (RA) for OIDs are encouraged torequest an arc under <a href="/get/2.16"><code>{joint-iso-itu-t(2) country(16)}</code></a>.Countries are discouraged to request an arc under both <a href="/get/1.2"><code>{iso(1)member-body(2)}</code></a> and <a href="/get/2.16"><code>{joint-iso-itu-t(2)country(16)}</code></a>.<br><a href="http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.660/en">Recommendation ITU-TX.660 | ISO/IEC 9834-1</a>, clause A.4.5, specifies that the <a href="http://www.iso.org/iso/about/iso_members.htm">ISONational Body</a> of the country and the <a href="http://www.itu.int/GlobalDirectory/search.html">administrationrepresenting the country in the ITU</a> shall agree together (as anational decision) on the organization that will be the RA for theircountry arc. In the case of a country arc under <a href="/get/1.2"><code>{iso(1)member-body(2)}</code></a> the decision is only taken by the <a href="http://www.iso.org/iso/about/iso_members.htm">ISONational Body</a> of the country. For more detailed information, see"<a href="country_oids.htm">Operation of a country RegistrationAuthority</a>".<br>One way to know if your country is already operating an RA for OIDsis too check the <a href="country_oids.htm#agreements">knowncountry RAs</a>.</div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="12"></a>Are there guidelines or standards regarding subsequentarcs of a country arc? <a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#12" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">Country arcs are the subsequent arcs of <a href="/get/1.2"><code>{iso(1)member-body(2)}</code></a> and <a href="/get/2.16"><code>{joint-iso-itu-t(2)country(16)}</code></a>.<br>The structure underneath a country arc is a national decision. Thebasic standard is of course <a href="http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.660/en">RecommendationITU-T X.660 | ISO/IEC 9834-1</a>. It might be worth having a lookat <a href="http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.670/en">RecommendationITU-T X.670</a> "<em>Procedures for registration agents operating onbehalf of organizations to register organization names subordinateto country names</em>".<br>There is no guidelines besides the fact that any registration authorityneeds to keep records according to the aforementioned standards. Agood idea is probably to look at <a href="country_oids.htm#agreements">howother countries have organized subsequent arcs beneath their countryarc</a> as well as reading the ITU handbook on "<a href="http://www.itu.int/pub/T-HDB-LNG.4-2010"><em>Objectidentifiers (OIDs) and their registration authorities</em></a>".</div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="13"></a>What is the Internet OID?<a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#13" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">The Internet OID is <code><a href="/get/1.3.6.1">{iso(1) identified-organization(3)dod(6) internet(1)}</a></code> or equivalently in dot notation <code><a href="/get/1.3.6.1">1.3.6.1</a></code>.</div><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="14"></a>Where does the dot notation for OIDs come from?<a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#14" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">(<em>from Harald Alvestrand's <a href="http://www.alvestrand.no/objectid/index.html">website</a></em>)<br>The dot notation is an IETF invention. The ASN.1 group thought itbetter to have a notation using spaces and braces, with optional textlabels, so that <code>1.3.6.1</code> would become something like <code>{iso(1)identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)}</code> or <code>{1 3 61}</code> or variants thereof.<br>The IETF folks thought this was somewhat inconvenient, and decidedto use a space-free notation. This is, among other things, spelledout in IETF <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1778.txt">RFC 1778,section 2.15</a>, but was in use long before that time. IETF <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2252.txt">RFC2252, section 4.1</a>, eliminates the "<code>ds.4.10</code>" form.</div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="15"></a>Why are top-level arcs restricted to three arcs numbered<code>0</code> to <code>2</code>, and why are arcs beneath top-level arcs<code>0</code> and <code>1</code> restricted to fourty arcs numbered <code>0</code>to <code>39</code>?<a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#15" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">This enables optimized binary encodings in which all arcs beneathtop-level arcs <code>0</code> and <code>1</code>, and arcs <code>0</code> to <code>47</code>beneath top-level arc <code>2</code> are encoded on a single octet (see<a href="http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.690/en">Rec. ITU-T X.690 |ISO/IEC 8825-1</a>, clause 8.19). Arcs greater to <code>47</code> benathtop-level arc <code>2</code> are hence encoded on more than one octet.</div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="16"></a>What do we call a registration tree (or object identifiertree)?<a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#16" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">In an open and international world such as the one of telecommunicationsand information technologies, you often need to be able to referencean "object" (see <a href="#1">question 1</a>) in a unique and universalway. The ASN.1 standard defines an object as being "<em>a well-definedpiece of information, definition or specification which requires aname in order to identify its use in an instance of communication</em>".<br>In general, an object is a class of information (for example, a fileformat), rather than an instance of such a class (for example, anindividual file). It is thus the class of information (defined bysome referenceable specification), rather than the piece of informationitself, that is assigned a place in the tree.<br>The naming structure that has been chosen is a tree structure thatallows to name objects in a local or international context, withoutbeeing limited either by the registration authority, nor by the numberof objects they can register.</div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="17"></a>What is the ASN.1 notation of an OID?<a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#17" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">Each OID arc is associated with a mandatory number (used for datatransfers) and an optional, recommended, identifier (for legibility).This is called the NameAndNumberForm in Rec. ITU-T X.680 | ISO/IEC8824-1, clause 32.<br>An "identifier" begins with a lower-case letter and is followed byletters, digits and hyphens. In <a href="name-forms.htm">some cases</a>,the identifier has been standardized and can be used alone (withoutthe associated number) in the ASN.1 notation; this is called the <a href="name-forms.htm">NameForm</a>in Rec. ITU-T X.680 | ISO/IEC 8824-1, clause 32.<br>The number can only be used alone; this is called the NumberForm inRec. ITU-T X.680 | ISO/IEC 8824-1, clause 32.<br>An object identifier is semantically an ordered list of object identifiercomponents (NameAndNumberForm, NumberForm or NameForm). Starting withthe root of the object identifier tree, each object identifier componentidentifies an arc in the object identifier tree. The last object identifiercomponent identifies an arc leading to a vertex to which an objecthas been assigned. It is this object which is identified by the objectidentifier.<br>Example: <code><a href="/cgi-bin/display?oid=2.5.4.49&action=display">{joint-iso-itu-t(2)ds(5) attributeType(4) distinguishedName(49)}</a></code> <br>(See also <a href="#14">question 14</a> for the dot notation and <a href="#iri">question28</a> about the OID-IRI notation.)</div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="management"></a>How is the entire registration tree managed?<a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#18" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">The management of the entire registration tree is accomplished bya process of delegation of authority. In this process the registrationauthority responsible for a given arc in the registration tree maypartition that naming-domain. In doing so, it may or may not delegatethe registration responsibility for the naming-domain formed by eachpartition to a subordinate Registration Authority. The naming of apartition does not necessarily imply authority to register objectsunder that partition. This delegation of registration responsibilitycan be applied repeatedly with a subordinate registration authoritypartitioning further the naming domain for which it is responsibleand delegating responsibility for those partitions to registrationauthorities subordinate to it.<br>The registration authority responsible for a given naming-domain mustassign a name to the partition of that naming-domain that a givensub-authority will manage. The name assigned shall be globally unambiguous,and shall be concatenated as a prefix to all names assigned by thatsub-authority. The repeated application of this process through ahierarchy of registration agents ensures the generation of unambiguousnames.<br>An organization, a standard or an automated facility can be the registrationauthority for more than one partition of a naming-domain (see also<a href="faq.htm#national-RA">questions 11 and 12</a> for how country arcs are managed).</div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="features"></a>Which features are offered by this repository?<a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#19" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">The <a href="display-example.htm">description page</a> for each OIDoffers the ability to:<ul type="disc"><li>have a synthetic <a href="/cgi-bin/display?tree=">graphicalview</a> of the tree (click on the<img src="images/pm.gif" width="19" height="18">and<img src="images/mm.gif" width="19" height="18"> icons tofold and unfold arcs);</li><li>display the description of another OID (the "Go" button);</li><li>use the "remote control" to display the descriptionof:<ul><li>the parent OID,</li><li> the previous or next sibling OID,</li><li>the very first or very last sibling OID, or</li><li> the first child OID; </li></ul></li><li>submit a description of a child OID under the current OID (seealso <a href="#syntax-rules">question 20</a>): After putting downsome information (description of the OID, its registrant...),the registrant of the OID (if known), the registrant of the parentOID (if known) and the OID repository administrator will be automaticallyasked by email to review and validate your submission. Note thatthe description page of the newly created OID will only be availableafter validation;</li><li>submit a description of a sibling OID at the same level as thecurrent OID (see also <a href="#syntax-rules">question 20</a>);</li><li>propose modifications of the description of the current OID:these modifications will have to be validated by the registrantof the OID (if known), the registrant of the parent OID (if known)and the OID repository administrator (who will all be automaticallyinformed by e-mail) before they get published;</li><li>do a <a href="basic-search.htm">quick search</a> of the entireOID repository by searching for a particular string in all attributes;</li><li>do an <a href="advanced-search.htm">advanced search</a> of the entireOID repository by searching for a particular value for each descriptionattribute or even by using regular expressions.</li></ul>Other features are available from the <a href="/">main page</a> ofthe OID repository:<ul><li>display the <a href="/cgi-bin/display?action=count_nodes">numberof OIDs</a> in the repository as well as statistics about howmany OID descriptions were added or modified over the past 12months;</li><li>add the description of a given OID (see also <a href="#syntax-rules">question20</a>);</li><li><a href="submit.htm">submit</a> many OIDs to the database bydescribing them in an XML file.<br><br></li></ul></div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="syntax-rules"></a>What are the syntax rules to enter informationabout OIDs through the web interface?<a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#20" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">When adding information about an OID into the OID repository, non-ASCIIcharacters such as accentuated letters are allowed in most fields("Description", "Information", registrant "Firstname", "Last name" and "Address"). The softwarewill replace them by their equivalent <a href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html-spec/html-spec_13.html#SEC106">HTMLcode</a>.<br>The following HTML tags are allowed in the "Description","Information" and "Address" fields: <code><a></code>,<code><br/></code>, <code><code></code>, <code><em></code>,<code><hr/></code>, <code><img></code>, <code><li></code>, <code><ol></code>,<code><strong></code>, <code><sub></code>, <code><sup></code>and <code><ul></code>. Use of <code><br></code> or <code><br/></code>is not mandatory to break lines because the software will replaceby <code><br/></code> any newline character that appears in thesefields.</div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="21"></a>Which information is necessary to apply foran OID?<a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#21" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">According to clause 8.2 f of <a href="http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.660/en">RecommendationITU-T X.660 | ISO/IEC 9834-1</a>, the registration record for an OIDshall include at least:<br>a) the definition of the object (when the registration authority ofthe parent OID performs a technical role, it checks that the objetcan be registered under its node);<br>b) when applicable, the identifier (beginning with a lowercase letter)assigned to the object (in addition to the unique number);<br>b) the name and contact information of the organization that proposedthe entry (usually it is the "<a href="#registration-authorities">Firstregistration authority</a>" for the requested OID);<br>c) the dates of submission/registration.</div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="example"></a>Is there a particular OID that can be used fordocumenting examples of object identifiers?<a href="#22" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div align="right"><a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a></div><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto"><a href="/get/2.999">{joint-iso-itu-t(2) example(999)}</a> (or <a href="/get/2.999">2.999</a>)can be used by anyone, without any permission, for the purpose ofdocumenting examples of object identifiers (in the same way as "example.com"is defined in <a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2606.html">IETFRFC 2606</a> as an example for web sites).</div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="registration-authorities"></a>What is the difference betweenthe first and current Registration Authorities that appear in thedescription of some OIDs? What is their duty?<a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#23" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">A <em>Registration Authority</em> (RA) is responsible for allocatingchild arcs to the OID for which it manages. It ensures that an integeris used once among the subsequent arcs (child OIDs). As much as possible,it avoids the same identifier (beginning with a lowercase letter)being used for multiple sub-arcs. It also keeps a record of information(name of a contact person, postal address, telephone and fax numbers,email address, etc.) about the RA for each child OID and delegatesits duty to each 'child' RA. Such information can be stored in theOID repository but it is important to understand that an OID firstneed to be <em>officially</em> allocated by an RA before it can be describedon this website which is not an official RA, but a <em>repository</em>of information about existing OIDs.<br>The <em>first Registration Authority</em> of an OID is the very firstperson or company to whom the OID was allocated by the RA of the superiorOID. According to the <a href="http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.660/en">RecommendationITU-T X.660 | ISO/IEC 9834-1</a><!-- clause 9.2.f.a --> standard, the first RA can't be changed(if the responsibility is transfered to someone else, the informationis recorded in the "Current Registration Authority" section,without changing the "First Registration Authority" section).<br>By default, if the OID has recently been allocated, the Current RAis the First RA. So, if you are <a href="#4">entering informationin the OID repository</a>, please fill only the "First RegistrationAuthority" section, and don't copy the same information in the"Current Registration Authority" section).<br>When someone or an organization takes over the duty from the FirstRA, the relevant information is indicated in the "Current RegistrationAuthority" section without changing the "First RegistrationAuthority" section.</div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="mib"></a>What constraints are imposed to OIDs used in SNMPMIBs (Management Information Bases)?<a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#24" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">The constraints are gathered in sections 4.6.5, 4.6.6, and AppendixD of IETF <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4181">RFC 4181</a>(updated by <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4841">RFC 4841</a>)which makes references to <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2578">RFC2578</a>, sections 3.5, 3.6, 5.6, 7.10, and <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3416">RFC3416</a>, section 4.1.<br>- According to RFC 2578, section 3.5, all OIDs are limited to 128child OIDs.<br>- The last arc of an OID assigned to any object (be it table, row,column, or scalar) must not be equal to 0.<br>- In some cases, a final arc 0 is used to translate between SNMPv1and SNMPv2 notification parameters as explained in <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2576">RFC2576</a>, section 3.<br>One example of a MIB module whose OID assignments follow the recommendedscheme is the <code>POWER-ETHERNET-MIB</code> defined in <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3621">RFC3621</a>.<br>MIBs use a notation like ".2.999" where the leading dot shows thatthis OID is absolute while "2.999" might be considered as a relativeOID by some tools which would then add a root OID in front of it.</div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="lookup"></a>Is there a way to look up an OID in the OID repository from my web browser?<a href="#25" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div align="right"><a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a></div><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">- If you're using <img src="images/firefox-icon.png" width="16" height="16" alt="[Firefox Icon]"><a href="https://www.mozilla.org/firefox/">Mozilla Firefox</a> or <img src="images/mozilla-icon.png" width="16" height="16" alt="[Mozilla Icon]"><a href="https://www.mozilla.org/projects/seamonkey/">Mozilla SeaMonkey</a>(formerly known as Mozilla Application Suite) or <img src="images/microsoft_ie7.gif" width="16" height="16" alt="[Mozilla Icon]"><a href="http://www.microsoft.com/windows/downloads/ie/getitnow.mspx">InternetExplorer 7</a> or <img src="images/google-chrome.ico" width="16" height="16" alt="[Chrome Icon]" border="0"><a href="http://www.google.com/chrome/">Google Chrome</a>, an <a href="http://mycroft.mozdev.org/search-engines.html?name=oid+resolver&skipcache=yes">OpenSearchPlugin</a> (a.k.a. search engine) allows to display information aboutan OID when an ASN.1, dot, <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3061.txt">URN</a>or <a href="#iri">OID-IRI</a> notation is entered in the search barat the top-right.<br><!-- - If you're using <a href="http://www.mozilla.org/products/thunderbird/">MozillaThunderbird</a>, <img src="images/firefox-icon.png" width="16" height="16" alt="[Firefox Icon]"><a href="http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/">Mozilla Firefox</a>or <img src="images/mozilla-icon.png" width="16" height="16" alt="[Mozilla Icon]"><a href="http://www.mozilla.org/projects/seamonkey/">Mozilla SeaMonkey</a>(formerly known as Mozilla Application Suite), the <a href="http://dictionarysearch.mozdev.org">DictionarySearchadd-on</a> is easy to configure so that you can display informationabout an OID by right-clicking on its selection:<br><ul><li>install the DictionarySearch extension corresponding to yourtool from <a href="http://dictionarysearch.mozdev.org">http://dictionarysearch.mozdev.org</a>;</li><li>in the "Tools" menu of your tool, select the "Extensions"item;</li><li>highlight the line for DictionarySearch, then click on the "Options"button;</li><li>add a new Dictionary with the following information (this willdisplay the description of the selected OIDin dot notation; itdoesn't work well for a selected OID in ASN.1 notation becausethe closing parentheses are removed for whatever reason):<br><em>Text</em>: <code>Search for OID "$"</code><br><em>Access key</em>: <code>O</code><br><em>URL</em>: <code>http://oid-info.com/cgi-bin/display?oid=$&action=display</code></li><li>This other new "Dictionary" may also be useful (itwill display a tree for the selected OID in dot notation):<br><em>Text</em>: <code>Display tree for OID "$"</code><br><em>Access key</em>: <code>T</code><br><em>URL</em>: <code>http://oid-info.com/cgi-bin/display?oid=$&action=tree</code></li></ul>- If you're using <img src="images/firefox-icon.png" width="16" height="16" alt="[Firefox Icon]"><a href="https://www.mozilla.org/firefox/">Mozilla Firefox</a>, the<a href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1940">"URNSupport" add-on</a> from <a href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/user/9480">SHIMODAHiroshi</a> redirects a <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3061.txt">URN</a>of the form urn:oid:x.y.z to the description of this OID in this OIDrepository. Note: This add-on is not compatible with the "OIDresolver" add-on mentioned in the first bullet above.<br>- See also <a href="#8">question 8</a>.-->See also <a href="#8">question 8</a>.<br></div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="leaf"></a>What is a leaf OID? What is a frozen OID?<a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#26" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">These are not standardized concepts. In case an OID is a <em>leaf</em>in the OID repository, no child OIDs can be allocated under that OID.In case an OID is <em>frozen</em> in the OID repository, no more childOIDs can be created in addition to the existing ones. In both cases,the system does not accept the creation of child OIDs. The statusis also mentioned on the web page that describes an OID (see examplefor a <a href="/get/0.0.2">leaf OID</a> and for a <a href="/get/2.25">frozenOID</a>).<br>To report that an OID is a leaf or is frozen, please <a href="#modify">suggesta modification</a> for this OID and use the "Comments" boxat the bottom.</div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="orphan"></a>What is an orphan OID?<a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#27" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">This is not a standardized concept but this term is used to qualifyan OID that is described in the OID repository, but some of its parentOIDs are not described in the OID repository. This does not mean thatthese unknown parent OIDs do not exist (actually they do exist becausean OID can only be allocated by the Registration Authority of itsparent OID). However the user who submitted the description of thisOID has no knowledge of how to describe these parent OIDs.<br><!-- This is useful in cases such as:<br>- you have found the description of an OID somewhere on the web orin a document, but you don't know how to describe all arcs along thepath;<br>- you have a bunch of OIDs to submit to the OID repository, so youcan submit them in any order because there is no obligation to submitthe parent OID first.<br>-->Orphan OIDs are not visible when one<a href="/cgi-bin/display?tree=">walks down the OID tree</a>. However,they are <a href="display-example.htm">displayed</a> when one asksfor the description of a particular OID. <em>Orphan grandchild OIDs</em>(<em>i.e.</em>, OIDs for which we have a description as well as a descriptionof their grandparent OID, but no description of their parent OID)are accessible from the <a href="display-example.htm">descriptionpage</a> of their grandparent OID.</div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="iri"></a>What is an OID-IRI (Internationalized Resource Identifier)?<a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#28" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">Historically, OIDs could only be denoted in <a href="#14">dot notation</a>(<em>e.g.</em>, <code>2.27</code>) or in <a href="#17">ASN.1 notation</a>(<em>e.g.</em>, <code>{joint-iso-itu-t(2) tag-based(27)}</code>) where onlyASCII identifiers are allowed. The need was identified for a human-friendlynotation which would not be limited to latin alphabets and would encompassthe diversity of <a href="http://www.unicode.org">Unicode alphabets</a>.<br>An OID-IRI (a.k.a. international OID) is a string of slash-separatedUnicode labels from the root of the OID tree, which unambiguouslyidentifies a node in the OID tree (e.g., "<a href="/get//Joint-ISO-ITU-T/Example"><code>/Joint-ISO-ITU-T/Example</code></a>").<br>A Unicode label is a case-sensitive string of Unicode characters (exceptthe <code>SPACE</code> character). Just as an OID node can have multipleidentifiers in ASN.1 notation, it can have multiple Unicode labels(this allows backwards-compatibility when a company changes its name,for example). Each OID node has a default Unicode label which is itsnumber (<em>e.g.</em>, "<a href="/get//2/999"><code>/2/999</code></a>").<br>A <em>long arc</em> is a particular kind of Unicode label which identifiesan OID that is not immediately beneath the root of the OID tree, <em>e.g.</em>,OID <code>{joint-iso-itu-t(2) example(999)}</code> has a long arc named"<code>Example</code>" which allows to build the OID-IRI "<code><a href="/get//Example">/Example</a></code>"which is shorter than the OID-IRI "<code><a href="/get//Joint-ISO-ITU-T/Example">/Joint-ISO-ITU-T/Example</a></code>".Long arcs are only allowed under the <code>joint-iso-itu-t(2)</code> top-levelarc (see the <a href="http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/oid-registers.html">registerof long arcs</a>.<br>The <a href="http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.680/en">ASN.1 standard</a>specifies an <code>OID-IRI</code> type for exchanging OID-IRI values betweenmachines.</div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="29"></a>What are the duties of a Registration Authority?<a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#29" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">Guidance is given in sections 8.2 (Operation), 9 (registration procedures)and 11 (recommended fee structure) of <a href="http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.660/en">RecommendationITU-T X.660 | ISO/IEC 9834-1</a>.</div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="size-limitations"></a>Are there size limitations for OID encoding?<a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#30" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">The <a href="standards.htm">OID standards</a> have no limit whatsoeverabout the depth of an OID in the OID tree (i.e., number of arcs) andthe size of the integer associated to each OID arc. However, sometools may have size limitations (or bugs):<br>- The <a href="https://lapo.it/asn1js/">ASN.1 JavaScript decoder atlapo.it</a>, <a href="http://www.bouncycastle.org">Bouncy Castle CryptoAPIs</a>, OpenSSL (0.9.8o, 1 Jun 2010) and the built-in Java class"<code>org.ietf.jgss.Oid</code>" can handle <a href="/get/2.25">UUIDsused as OIDs</a>.<br>- Windows CryptoAPI Shell Extension (tested with Windows XP and Windows7) cannot handle <a href="/get/2.25">UUIDs used as OIDs</a>: The maximumuseable OID value in Windows is 2<sup>64</sup>-1 (e.g., <code>2.999.18446744073709551615</code>).Windows will show whitespace when any higher value occurs.<br>- Mozilla software cannot handle <a href="/get/2.25">UUIDs used asOIDs</a>: The maximum useable OID value in Mozilla software is 2<sup>32</sup>-1(e.g., <code>2.999.4294967295</code>). The program will show "Unknown"when an arc contains a higher value (e.g., <code>{2 999 Unknown 0}</code>).<br>- Mac OS X cannot handle OIDs over 2.47 (it wrongly decodes OIDs whichneed more than one octet in the first two arcs). <br>More details can be found in <a href="http://www.viathinksoft.de/~daniel-marschall/asn.1/oid_facts.html">DanielMarschall's study about OID encoding and size limitations</a>. Daniel's<a href="https://www.viathinksoft.de/%7Edaniel-marschall/asn.1/oid-converter/online.php">DERencoder</a> can also help you in your testing.</div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="31"></a>Are there binary encoders/decoders for OIDs?<a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#31" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">See for example (non-exhaustive list):<strong><br></strong>- OSS Nokalva's online <a href="https://asn1.io/asn1playground/">ASN.1playground</a> encodes/decodes OIDs in any encoding rule (BER, DER,PER, UPER, XER) with the following schema:<br><code> OID-Module DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN<br> OID ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER<br> END</code><br> The OID is provided in ASN.1 notation in the "Data:Encode" box as follows:<br><code> oid OID ::= {2 999}</code><br>- Daniel Marschall's online <a href="https://www.viathinksoft.de/%7Edaniel-marschall/asn.1/oid-converter/online.php">DER encoder/decoder</a> (for PHP and C);<br>- <a href="http://bouncycastle.org">The Legion of the Bouncy Castle</a>'sAPI for Java and C#;<br>- <a href="http://wireshark.org">Wireshark</a>'s subtool for ASN.1;<br>- Etc.</div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="32"></a><a name="cookies"></a>Does this web site use cookies?<a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#32" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">Only those users who have submitted information on OIDs (creation of a new OID or proposed modifications to an existing OID) have a unique cookie placed on their machine with their first name, last name and email address, so that the "submitter" section is automatically filled for them the next time they submit information.The <a href="/helper">OID helper</a> chatbot is hosted by <a href="http://pandorabots.com/botmaster/en/~121e02c2b4d4270afe6afac6~/faq">Pandorabots</a> which normally tracks individual conversations by placing a cookie on your browser, in order to offer contextual answers to your questions. However, if you browser is not setup to accept cookies, an alternative mechanism is used through a hidden variable in the HTML form. <br>This web site relies on Google Analytics, a tool from Google Inc.,that uses cookies in the form of textual data relative to your useof Internet (including your IP address). This data is <a href="https://support.google.com/analytics/topic/2919631?hl=en&ref_topic=1008008">anonymouslysaved</a> on servers from Google Inc. located in the United Statesof America. Users who don't want their data collected with GoogleAnalytics can install the <a href="https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/181881?hl=en">GoogleAnalytics opt-out browser add-on</a>.</div><br><li style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="33"></a><a name="privacy"></a>How does this web site protect users' privacy?<a href="#top"><img src="images/page_top_fleche.jpg" width="27" height="17" border="0"></a><a href="#32" onclick="javascript: switchInfoPerso('Question');"></a></li><div id="question" style="width:auto; height:auto">The purpose of this section (updated on 24 Jan 2019) is to informyou about the way your personal data is handled on this web site.By providing your personal data to this web site, you acknowledgeand consent to the collection, use and disclosure of your personaldata for a legitimate interest as explained hereunder. This web sitenever sells, leases or rents your personal data.<br>Only users who have submitted information on OIDs (description ofa new OID or proposed modifications to an existing OID) have personaldata stored in the OID repository database. The only reason to keepsuch information is to inform them when the OID description is validatedor modified by the OID repository administrator, or when modificationsare suggested by another user (see also <a href="#cookies">question32 about cookies</a>). This information is not publicly disclosedon the web site. (Note, however, that it may be sent by email to the<a href="#registration-authorities">(current or first) registrationauthority</a> of the OID and of its parent OID, when they are known).<br>Only those users who are the contact of a <a href="#registration-authorities">(currentor first) registration authority</a> for an OID and have not tickedthe box "<i>Protect the privacy of the Registration Authorityby not displaying the contact information on the web site</i>"have their personal data (email address, postal address, phone number)publicly visible on the web site. (Note, however, that even when the"privacy" box is ticked, any user of this web site can <a href="/cgi-bin/manage?a=get-info">receiveby email a copy of such data</a> so as to be able to contact the registrationauthority of an OID; such requests are recorded). These users areautomatically notified by email when information about them is enteredand can request deletion of such data.<br>In some cases, your personal data appears in the OID repository becauseit is publicly available on another web site (e.g., <a href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/enterprise-numbers/enterprise-numbers">IANAenterprise numbers</a>).<br>To check if personal data related to you appears in the OID repository,please use the <a href="advanced-search.htm">advanced search</a>. You canalso <a href="/cgi-bin/manage?a=get-personal-data">get a copy</a>of all personal data appearing in the OID repository. In any case,your personal data is never used for sending any kind of publicityto you.<br>A log of all modifications made to an OID is also kept (hence yourpersonal data may appear in that log) but it is not public and wouldonly be used by the OID repository administrator to explain or undochanges if needed.<br>For any other question related to data protection or to request therectification or erasure of your personal data, you can <a href="/oid-helper">contactthe webmaster</a>. Repetitive, disproportionate or impracticable requestsmay be rejected.</div><br /></ol></td></tr></table></div><div class="clear"></div></div>