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2 daniel-mar 1
<?php
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3
/*
16 daniel-mar 4
 * MAC (EUI-48 and EUI-64) utils for PHP
15 daniel-mar 5
 * Copyright 2017 - 2023 Daniel Marschall, ViaThinkSoft
6
 * Version 2023-04-29
2 daniel-mar 7
 *
8
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
9
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
10
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
11
 *
12
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
13
 *
14
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
15
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
16
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
17
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
18
 * limitations under the License.
19
 */
20
 
15 daniel-mar 21
const IEEE_MAC_REGISTRY = __DIR__ . '/../web-data';
2 daniel-mar 22
 
15 daniel-mar 23
/**
24
 * @param string $mac
25
 * @return bool
26
 */
27
function mac_valid(string $mac): bool {
16 daniel-mar 28
        $tmp = ipv6linklocal_to_eui64($mac);
29
        if ($tmp !== false) $mac = $tmp;
30
 
2 daniel-mar 31
        $mac = str_replace(array('-', ':'), '', $mac);
32
        $mac = strtoupper($mac);
33
 
16 daniel-mar 34
        if ((strlen($mac) != 12) && (strlen($mac) != 16)) return false;
2 daniel-mar 35
 
36
        $mac = preg_replace('@[0-9A-F]@', '', $mac);
37
 
16 daniel-mar 38
        return ($mac === '');
2 daniel-mar 39
}
40
 
15 daniel-mar 41
/**
16 daniel-mar 42
 * @param string $mac
43
 * @param string $delimiter
44
 * @return string|false
45
 */
46
function mac_canonize(string $mac, string $delimiter="-") {
47
        if (!mac_valid($mac)) return false;
48
 
49
        $tmp = ipv6linklocal_to_eui64($mac);
50
        if ($tmp !== false) $mac = $tmp;
51
 
52
        $mac = strtoupper($mac);
53
        $mac = preg_replace('@[^0-9A-F]@', '', $mac);
54
        if ((strlen($mac) != 12) && (strlen($mac) != 16)) return false;
55
        $mac = preg_replace('@^(..)(..)(..)(..)(..)(..)(..)(..)$@', '\\1'.$delimiter.'\\2'.$delimiter.'\\3'.$delimiter.'\\4'.$delimiter.'\\5'.$delimiter.'\\6'.$delimiter.'\\7'.$delimiter.'\\8', $mac);
56
        return preg_replace('@^(..)(..)(..)(..)(..)(..)$@', '\\1'.$delimiter.'\\2'.$delimiter.'\\3'.$delimiter.'\\4'.$delimiter.'\\5'.$delimiter.'\\6', $mac);
57
}
58
 
59
/**
15 daniel-mar 60
 * @param string $file
61
 * @param string $oui_name
62
 * @param string $mac
63
 * @return false|string
64
 */
65
function _lookup_ieee_registry(string $file, string $oui_name, string $mac) {
16 daniel-mar 66
        $mac = mac_canonize($mac, '');
67
        if ($mac === false) return false;
2 daniel-mar 68
        $begin = substr($mac, 0, 2).'-'.substr($mac, 2, 2).'-'.substr($mac, 4, 2);
69
        $f = file_get_contents($file);
70
 
71
        $f = str_replace("\r", '', $f);
72
 
73
        # We are using a positive-lookahead because entries like the MA-M references have a blank line between organization and address
74
        preg_match_all('@^\s*'.preg_quote($begin, '@').'\s+\(hex\)\s+(\S+)\s+(.*)\n\n\s*(?=[0-9A-F])@ismU', "$f\n\nA", $m, PREG_SET_ORDER);
75
        foreach ($m as $n) {
76
                preg_match('@(\S+)\s+\(base 16\)(.*)$@ism', $n[2], $m);
77
 
15 daniel-mar 78
                if (preg_match('@(.+)-(.+)@ism', $m[1], $o)) {
2 daniel-mar 79
                        $z = hexdec(substr($mac, 6, 6));
80
                        $beg = hexdec($o[1]);
81
                        $end = hexdec($o[2]);
82
                        if (($z < $beg) || ($z > $end)) continue;
83
                } else {
84
                        $beg = 0x000000;
85
                        $end = 0xFFFFFF;
86
                }
87
 
15 daniel-mar 88
                $x = trim(preg_replace('@^\s+@im', '', $m[2]));
2 daniel-mar 89
 
90
                # "PRIVATE" entries are only marked at the "(hex)" line, but not at the "(base16)" line
91
                if ($x == '') $x = trim($n[1]);
92
 
93
                $x = explode("\n", $x);
94
 
95
                $ra_len = strlen(dechex($end-$beg));
96
 
15 daniel-mar 97
                $out = sprintf("%-32s 0x%s\n", "IEEE $oui_name part:", substr($mac, 0, 12-$ra_len));
98
                $out .= sprintf("%-32s 0x%s\n", "NIC specific part:", substr($mac, 12-$ra_len));
99
                $out .= sprintf("%-32s %s\n", "Registrant:", $x[0]);
2 daniel-mar 100
                foreach ($x as $n => $y) {
101
                        if ($n == 0) continue;
15 daniel-mar 102
                        else if ($n == 1) $out .= sprintf("%-32s %s\n", "Address of registrant:", $y);
103
                        else if ($n >= 2) $out .= sprintf("%-32s %s\n", "", $y);
2 daniel-mar 104
                }
105
 
106
                // TODO: also print the date of last update of the OUI files
107
 
108
                return $out;
109
        }
110
 
111
        return false;
112
}
113
 
15 daniel-mar 114
/**
16 daniel-mar 115
 * @param string $eui64
116
 * @return false|string If EUI-64 can be converted into EUI-48 (if it has FFFE in the middle), returns EUI-48, otherwise returns EUI-64. On invalid input, return false.
117
 */
118
function eui64_to_eui48(string $eui64) {
119
        if (!mac_valid($eui64)) return false;
120
        $eui64 = mac_canonize($eui64, '');
121
        if (eui_bits($eui64) == 48) return mac_canonize($eui64);
122
 
123
        if (substr($eui64, 6, 4) == 'FFFE') {
124
                return mac_canonize(substr($eui64, 0, 6).substr($eui64, 10, 6));
125
        } else {
126
                return mac_canonize($eui64);
127
        }
128
}
129
 
130
/**
131
 * @param string $eui48
132
 * @return false|string
133
 */
134
function eui48_to_eui64(string $eui48) {
135
        if (!mac_valid($eui48)) return false;
136
        $eui48 = mac_canonize($eui48, '');
137
        if (eui_bits($eui48) == 64) return mac_canonize($eui48);
138
 
139
        $eui64 = substr($eui48, 0, 6).'FFFE'.substr($eui48, 6, 6);
140
        return mac_canonize($eui64);
141
}
142
 
143
/**
144
 * @param string $ipv6
145
 * @return false|string
146
 */
147
function ipv6linklocal_to_eui64(string $ipv6) {
148
        // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12095835/quick-way-of-expanding-ipv6-addresses-with-php (modified)
149
        $tmp = inet_pton($ipv6);
150
        if ($tmp === false) return false;
151
        $hex = unpack("H*hex", $tmp);
152
        $ipv6 = substr(preg_replace("/([A-f0-9]{4})/", "$1:", $hex['hex']), 0, -1);
153
 
154
        // Remove "fe80::" to convert IPv6 Link Local address back to EUI-64
155
        // see https://support.lenovo.com/de/de/solutions/ht509925-how-to-convert-a-mac-address-into-an-ipv6-link-local-address-eui-64
156
        $cnt = 0;
157
        $mac = preg_replace('@^fe80:0000:0000:0000:@i', '', $ipv6, -1, $cnt);
158
        if ($cnt == 0) return false;
159
 
160
        // Set LAA to UAA again
161
        $mac[1] = dechex(hexdec($mac[1]) & 253);
162
 
163
        return eui64_to_eui48($mac);
164
}
165
 
166
/**
15 daniel-mar 167
 * @param string $mac
16 daniel-mar 168
 * @return false|int
169
 */
170
function eui_bits(string $mac) {
171
        if (!mac_valid($mac)) return false;
172
        $mac = mac_canonize($mac, '');
173
        return (int)(strlen($mac)*4);
174
}
175
 
176
/**
177
 * @param string $mac
178
 * @return false|string
179
 */
180
function eui_to_ipv6linklocal(string $mac) {
181
        if (!mac_valid($mac)) return false;
182
        if (eui_bits($mac) == 48) {
183
                $mac = eui48_to_eui64($mac);
184
        }
185
        $mac = mac_canonize($mac, '');
186
 
187
        $mac[1] = dechex(hexdec($mac[1]) | 2);
188
 
189
        $mac = str_pad($mac, 16, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
190
        return strtolower('fe80::'.substr($mac,0, 4).':'.substr($mac,4, 4).':'.substr($mac,8, 4).':'.substr($mac,12, 4));
191
}
192
 
193
/**
194
 * @param string $mac
15 daniel-mar 195
 * @return void
196
 * @throws Exception
197
 */
198
function decode_mac(string $mac) {
199
        // Amazing website about MAC addresses: https://mac-address.alldatafeeds.com/faq#how-to-recognise-mac-address-application
2 daniel-mar 200
 
16 daniel-mar 201
        echo sprintf("%-32s %s\n", "Input:", $mac);
202
 
203
        $type = '';
204
        $tmp = ipv6linklocal_to_eui64($mac);
205
        if ($tmp !== false) {
206
                $mac = $tmp;
207
                $type = 'IPv6-Link-Local';
208
        }
15 daniel-mar 209
        if (!mac_valid($mac)) throw new Exception("Invalid MAC address");
16 daniel-mar 210
        if ($tmp === false) {
211
                // Size
212
                $type = eui_bits($mac)==48 ? 'EUI-48 (6 Byte)' : 'EUI-64 (8 Byte)';
213
        }
214
        echo sprintf("%-32s %s\n", "Type:", $type);
15 daniel-mar 215
 
16 daniel-mar 216
        echo "\n";
217
 
2 daniel-mar 218
        // Format MAC
16 daniel-mar 219
        $mac = mac_canonize($mac, '');
2 daniel-mar 220
 
16 daniel-mar 221
        // Show various representations
222
        $eui48 = eui64_to_eui48($mac);
223
        echo sprintf("%-32s %s\n", "EUI-48:", (eui_bits($eui48) != 48) ? 'Not available' : $eui48);
224
        $eui64 = eui48_to_eui64($mac);
225
        echo sprintf("%-32s %s\n", "EUI-64:", (eui_bits($eui64) != 64) ? 'Not available' : $eui64);
226
        $ipv6 = eui_to_ipv6linklocal($mac);
227
        echo sprintf("%-32s %s\n", "IPv6 link local address:", $ipv6);
2 daniel-mar 228
 
229
        // Vergabestelle
230
        $ul = hexdec($mac[1]) & 2; // Bit #LSB+1 of Byte 1
231
        $ul_ = ($ul == 0) ? '[0] Universally Administered Address (UAA)' : '[1] Locally Administered Address (LAA)';
15 daniel-mar 232
        echo sprintf("%-32s %s\n", "Administration type (U/L flag):", $ul_);
2 daniel-mar 233
 
16 daniel-mar 234
        // Empfaengergruppe
235
        $ig = hexdec($mac[1]) & 1; // Bit #LSB+0 of Byte 1
236
        $ig_ = ($ig == 0) ? '[0] Individual (Unicast)' : '[1] Group (Multicast)';
237
        echo sprintf("%-32s %s\n", "Transmission type (I/G flag):", $ig_);
238
 
2 daniel-mar 239
        // Query IEEE registries
240
        // TODO: gilt OUI nur bei Individual UAA?
15 daniel-mar 241
        if (count(glob(IEEE_MAC_REGISTRY.'/*.txt')) > 0) {
242
                if (
243
                        # The IEEE Registration Authority distinguishes between IABs and OUI-36 values. Both are 36-bit values which may be used to generate EUI-48 values, but IABs may not be used to generate EUI-64 values.[6]
244
                        # Note: The Individual Address Block (IAB) is an inactive registry activity, which has been replaced by the MA-S registry product as of January 1, 2014.
16 daniel-mar 245
                        ($x = _lookup_ieee_registry(IEEE_MAC_REGISTRY . '/iab.txt', 'IAB', $mac)) ||
246
                        ($x = _lookup_ieee_registry(IEEE_MAC_REGISTRY . '/oui36.txt', 'OUI-36 (MA-S)', $mac)) ||
247
                        ($x = _lookup_ieee_registry(IEEE_MAC_REGISTRY . '/mam.txt', 'OUI-28 (MA-M)', $mac)) ||
248
                        ($x = _lookup_ieee_registry(IEEE_MAC_REGISTRY . '/oui.txt', 'OUI-24 (MA-L)', $mac))
15 daniel-mar 249
                ) {
250
                        echo $x;
251
                }
2 daniel-mar 252
        }
253
 
15 daniel-mar 254
        $vm = '';
255
        // === FAQ "Detection rules which don't have their dedicated page yet" ===
256
        // https://wiki.xenproject.org/wiki/Xen_Networking
257
        // https://mcpmag.com/articles/2007/11/27/hey-vm-whats-your-hypervisor.aspx
258
        // https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/data-center/mac-address-scorecard-for-common-virtual-machine-platforms
259
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:16:3E:00:00:00', '00:16:3E:FF:FF:FF')) $vm = "Red Hat Xen, XenSource, Novell Xen";
260
        // http://techgenix.com/mac-address-pool-duplication-hyper-v/
261
        // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/system-center/vmm/network-mac?view=sc-vmm-1807
262
        // https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/gbanin/2014/08/27/how-to-solve-mac-address-conflict-on-hyper-v/
263
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:1D:D8:B7:1C:00', '00:1D:D8:F4:1F:FF')) $vm = "Microsoft SCVMM (System Center Virtual Machine Manager)";
264
        // https://mcpmag.com/articles/2007/11/27/hey-vm-whats-your-hypervisor.aspx
265
        // https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/data-center/mac-address-scorecard-for-common-virtual-machine-platforms/
266
        // https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/medv/2011/01/24/how-to-manage-vm-mac-addresses-with-the-globalimagedata-xml-file-in-med-v-v1/
267
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:03:FF:00:00:00', '00:03:FF:FF:FF:FF')) $vm = "Microsoft Virtual PC / Virtual Server";
268
        // https://mcpmag.com/articles/2007/11/27/hey-vm-whats-your-hypervisor.aspx
269
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:18:51:00:00:00', '00:18:51:FF:FF:FF')) $vm = "SWsoft";
270
        // https://macaddress.io/statistics/company/17619
271
        if (mac_between($mac, '58:9C:FC:00:00:00', '58:9C:FC:FF:FF:FF')) $vm = "bhyve by FreebsdF";
272
        // https://macaddress.io/statistics/company/17388
273
        if (mac_between($mac, '50:6B:8D:00:00:00', '50:6B:8D:FF:FF:FF')) $vm = "Nutanix AHV";
274
        // https://www.centos.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=26739
275
        if (mac_between($mac, '54:52:00:00:00:00', '54:52:FF:FF:FF:FF')) $vm = "KVM (proxmox)";
276
        // Self tested (alldatafeeds.com)
277
        if (mac_between($mac, '96:00:00:00:00:00', '96:00:FF:FF:FF:FF')) $vm = "Hetzner vServer (based on KVM and libvirt)";
278
        // === FAQ "How to recognise a VMware's virtual machine by its MAC address?" ===
279
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:50:56:00:00:00', '00:50:56:FF:FF:FF')) $vm = "VMware vSphere, VMware Workstation, VMware ESX Server";
280
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:50:56:80:00:00', '00:50:56:BF:FF:FF')) $vm = "VMware vSphere managed by vCenter Server";
281
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:0C:29:00:00:00', '00:0C:29:FF:FF:FF')) $vm = "VMWare Standalone VMware vSphere, VMware Workstation, VMware Horizon";
282
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:05:69:00:00:00', '00:05:69:FF:FF:FF')) $vm = "VMware ESX, VMware GSX Server";
283
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:1C:14:00:00:00', '00:1C:14:FF:FF:FF')) $vm = "VMWare";
284
        // === FAQ "machine by its MAC address?" ===
285
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:1C:42:00:00:00', '00:1C:42:FF:FF:FF')) $vm = "Parallels Virtual Machine";
286
        // === FAQ "How to recognise a Docker container by its MAC address?" ===
287
        if (mac_between($mac, '02:42:00:00:00:00', '02:42:FF:FF:FF:FF')) $vm = "Docker container";
288
        // === FAQ =How to recognise a Microsoft Hyper-V's virtual machine by its MAC address?" ===
289
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:15:5D:00:00:00', '00:15:5D:FF:FF:FF')) $vm = "Microsoft Hyper-V";
290
        // === FAQ "How to recognise an Oracle Virtual machine by its MAC address?" ===
291
        if (mac_between($mac, '08:00:27:00:00:00', '08:00:27:FF:FF:FF')) $vm = "Oracle VirtualBox 5.2"; // Pcs Systemtechnik GmbH
292
        if (mac_between($mac, '52:54:00:00:00:00', '52:54:00:FF:FF:FF')) $vm = "Oracle VirtualBox 5.2 + Vagrant"; // 52:54:00 (Exact MAC: 52:54:00:C9:C7:04)
293
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:21:F6:00:00:00', '00:21:F6:FF:FF:FF')) $vm = "Oracle VirtualBox 3.3";
294
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:14:4F:00:00:00', '00:14:4F:FF:FF:FF')) $vm = "Oracle VM Server for SPARC";
295
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:0F:4B:00:00:00', '00:0F:4B:FF:FF:FF')) $vm = "Oracle Virtual Iron 4";
2 daniel-mar 296
 
15 daniel-mar 297
        if ($vm) {
298
                echo sprintf("%-32s %s\n", "Special use:", "Virtual machine $vm");
299
        }
2 daniel-mar 300
 
15 daniel-mar 301
        $app = '';
302
 
303
        // === FAQ "Other MAC address applications"
304
        // http://www.cavebear.com/archive/cavebear/Ethernet/Ethernet.txt
305
        // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1060
306
        if (mac_between($mac, '03:00:00:01:00:00', '03:00:40:00:00:00')) $app = 'User-defined (per 802 spec), EtherType is 0x0802';
307
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:1D:00:00:00')) $app = 'Cabletron PC-OV PC discover (on demand), EtherType is 0x0802';
308
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:1D:42:00:00')) $app = 'Cabletron PC-OV Bridge discover (on demand), EtherType is 0x0802';
309
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:1D:52:00:00')) $app = 'Cabletron PC-OV MMAC discover (on demand), EtherType is 0x0802';
310
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:00:3C:00:00:00' , '01:00:3C:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'Auspex Systems (Serverguard)';
311
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:10:00:00:20')) $app = 'Hughes Lan Systems Terminal Server S/W download, EtherType is 0x0802';
312
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:10:FF:FF:20')) $app = 'Hughes Lan Systems Terminal Server S/W request, EtherType is 0x0802';
313
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:81:00:00:00')) $app = 'Synoptics Network Management';
314
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:81:00:00:02')) $app = 'Synoptics Network Management';
315
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:81:00:01:00')) $app = 'Bay Networks (Synoptics) autodiscovery, EtherType is 0x0802 SNAP type is 0x01A2';
316
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:81:00:01:01')) $app = 'Bay Networks (Synoptics) autodiscovery, EtherType is 0x0802 SNAP type is 0x01A1';
317
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:20:25:00:00:00', '01:20:25:7F:FF:FF')) $app = 'Control Technology Inc\'s Industrial Ctrl Proto., EtherType is 0x873A';
318
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:24:00:00:00')) $app = 'Kalpana Etherswitch every 60 seconds, EtherType is 0x0802';
319
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:DD:00:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'Ungermann-Bass boot-me requests, EtherType is 0x7002';
320
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:DD:01:00:00:00')) $app = 'Ungermann-Bass Spanning Tree, EtherType is 0x7005';
321
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:00:10')) $app = 'OS/2 1.3 EE + Communications Manager, EtherType is 0x80D5';
322
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:00:40')) $app = 'OS/2 1.3 EE + Communications Manager, EtherType is 0x80D5';
323
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:01:00')) $app = 'OSI All-IS Multicast, EtherType is 0x0802';
324
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:02:00')) $app = 'OSI All-ES Multicast, EtherType is 0x0802';
325
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:80:00:00')) $app = 'Discovery Client, EtherType is 0x0802';
326
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:FF:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'All Stations address, EtherType is 0x0802';
327
        if (mac_between($mac, '09:00:0D:00:00:00', '09:00:0D:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'ICL Oslan Multicast, EtherType is 0x0802';
328
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:0D:02:00:00')) $app = 'ICL Oslan Service discover only on boot';
329
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:0D:02:0A:3C')) $app = 'ICL Oslan Service discover only on boot';
330
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:0D:02:0A:38')) $app = 'ICL Oslan Service discover only on boot';
331
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:0D:02:0A:39')) $app = 'ICL Oslan Service discover only on boot';
332
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:0D:02:FF:FF')) $app = 'ICL Oslan Service discover only on boot';
333
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:0D:09:00:00')) $app = 'ICL Oslan Service discover as required';
334
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:1E:00:00:00')) $app = 'Apollo DOMAIN, EtherType is 0x8019';
335
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:02:04:00:01')) $app = 'Vitalink printer messages, EtherType is 0x8080';
336
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:02:04:00:02')) $app = 'Vitalink bridge management, EtherType is 0x8080';
337
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:4C:00:00:0F')) $app = 'BICC Remote bridge adaptive routing (e.g. to Retix), EtherType is 0x0802';
338
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:4E:00:00:02')) $app = 'Novell IPX, EtherType is 0x8137';
339
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:6A:00:01:00')) $app = 'TOP NetBIOS';
340
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:7C:01:00:01')) $app = 'Vitalink DLS Multicast';
341
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:7C:01:00:03')) $app = 'Vitalink DLS Inlink';
342
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:7C:01:00:04')) $app = 'Vitalink DLS and non DLS Multicast';
343
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:7C:02:00:05')) $app = 'Vitalink diagnostics, EtherType is 0x8080';
344
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:7C:05:00:01')) $app = 'Vitalink gateway, EtherType is 0x8080';
345
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:7C:05:00:02')) $app = 'Vitalink Network Validation Message';
346
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:09:00:00:01')) $app = 'HP Probe, EtherType is 0x8005 or 0x0802';
347
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:09:00:00:04')) $app = 'HP DTC, EtherType is 0x8005';
348
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:26:01:00:01')) $app = 'Vitalink TransLAN bridge management, EtherType is 0x8038';
349
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:39:00:70:00')) $app = 'Spider Systems Bridge';
350
        if (mac_between($mac, '09:00:56:00:00:00', '09:00:56:FE:FF:FF')) $app = 'Stanford reserved';
351
        if (mac_between($mac, '09:00:56:FF:00:00', '09:00:56:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'Stanford V Kernel, version 6.0, EtherType is 0x805C';
352
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:77:00:00:00')) $app = 'Retix Bridge Local Management System, EtherType is 0x0802';
353
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:77:00:00:01')) $app = 'Retix spanning tree bridges, EtherType is 0x0802';
354
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:77:00:00:02')) $app = 'Retix Bridge Adaptive routing, EtherType is 0x0802';
355
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:87:80:FF:FF')) $app = 'Xyplex Terminal Servers, EtherType is 0x0889';
356
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:87:90:FF:FF')) $app = 'Xyplex Terminal Servers, EtherType is 0x0889';
357
        if (mac_between($mac, '44:38:39:FF:00:00', '44:38:39:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation (Cumulus Linux)';
358
        if (mac_equals($mac, 'FF:FF:00:40:00:01')) $app = 'LANtastic, EtherType is 0x81D6';
359
        if (mac_equals($mac, 'FF:FF:00:60:00:04')) $app = 'LANtastic, EtherType is 0x81D6';
360
        if (mac_equals($mac, 'FF:FF:01:E0:00:04')) $app = 'LANtastic';
361
 
362
        // === FAQ "The "CF" series MAC addresses" ===
363
        // https://www.iana.org/assignments/ppp-numbers/ppp-numbers.xhtml
364
        // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2153
365
        // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7042#section-2.3.2
366
        if (mac_between($mac, 'CF:00:00:00:00:00', 'CF:00:00:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'Reserved';
367
        if (mac_equals($mac, 'CF:00:00:00:00:00')) $app = 'Used for Ethernet loopback tests';
368
 
369
        // === FAQ "How to recognise a Broadcast MAC address application?" ===
370
        if (mac_equals($mac, 'FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF')) echo sprintf("%-32s %s\n", "Special use:", "Broadcast messaging");
371
 
372
        // === FAQ "How to recognise a Virtual Router ID by MAC address?" ===
373
        // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7042#section-5.1
374
        // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5798
375
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:00:5E:00:01:00', '00:00:5E:00:01:FF')) $app = 'IPv4 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol  (VRRP)';
376
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:00:5E:00:02:00', '00:00:5E:00:02:FF')) $app = 'IPv6 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol';
377
 
378
        // === FAQ "How to recognise an IP frame by MAC address?" ===
379
        // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1060
380
        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicast_address#cite_note-15
381
        // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2464
382
        // https://www.iana.org/go/rfc1112
383
        // http://www.cavebear.com/archive/cavebear/Ethernet/Ethernet.txt
384
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:00:5E:00:00:00', '01:00:5E:7F:FF:FF')) $app = 'IPv4 Multicast (EtherType is 0x0800)';
385
        if (mac_between($mac, '33:33:00:00:00:00', '33:33:FF:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'IPv6 Multicast. IPv6 neighbor discovery (EtherType is 0x86DD)'; // TODO: Dabei werden die untersten 32 Bit der IPv6-Multicast-Adresse in die MAC-Adresse eingebettet.
386
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:00:5E:00:52:13', '00:00:5E:00:52:13')) $app = 'Proxy Mobile IPv6';
16 daniel-mar 387
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:00:5E:FE:C0:00:02:00', '00:00:5E:FE:C0:00:02:FF')) $app = 'IPv4 derived documentation';
388
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:00:5E:FE:C6:33:64:00', '00:00:5E:FE:C6:33:64:FF')) $app = 'IPv4 derived documentation';
389
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:00:5E:FE:CB:00:71:00', '00:00:5E:FE:CB:00:71:FF')) $app = 'IPv4 derived documentation';
390
        if (mac_equals($mac, '00:00:5E:FE:EA:C0:00:02')) $app = 'IPv4 multicast derived documentation';
391
        if (mac_equals($mac, '00:00:5E:FE:EA:C6:33:64')) $app = 'IPv4 multicast derived documentation';
392
        if (mac_equals($mac, '00:00:5E:FE:EA:CB:00:71')) $app = 'IPv4 multicast derived documentation';
393
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:00:5E:FE:C0:00:02:00', '01:00:5E:FE:C0:00:02:FF')) $app = 'IPv4 derived documentation';
394
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:00:5E:FE:C6:33:64:00', '01:00:5E:FE:C6:33:64:FF')) $app = 'IPv4 derived documentation';
395
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:00:5E:FE:CB:00:71:00', '01:00:5E:FE:CB:00:71:FF')) $app = 'IPv4 derived documentation';
396
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:5E:FE:EA:C0:00:02')) $app = 'IPv4 multicast derived documentation';
397
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:5E:FE:EA:C6:33:64')) $app = 'IPv4 multicast derived documentation';
398
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:5E:FE:EA:CB:00:71')) $app = 'IPv4 multicast derived documentation';
15 daniel-mar 399
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:20', '01:80:C2:00:00:2F')) $app = 'Reserved for use by Multiple Registration Protocol (MRP) applications';
16 daniel-mar 400
        if (mac_between($mac, '02:00:5E:FE:00:00:00:00', '02:00:5E:FE:FF:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'IPv4 Addr Holders';
15 daniel-mar 401
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:20:00:00')) $app = 'IP multicast address';
402
        if (mac_equals($mac, 'C0:00:00:04:00:00')) $app = 'IP multicast address';
16 daniel-mar 403
        if (mac_between($mac, '03:00:5E:FE:00:00:00:00', '03:00:5E:FE:FF:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'IPv4 Addr Holders';
15 daniel-mar 404
 
405
        // === FAQ "How to recognise a MPLS multicast frame by MAC address?" ===
406
        // http://www.iana.org/go/rfc5332
407
        // http://www.iana.org/go/rfc7213
408
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:00:5E:80:00:00', '01:00:5E:8F:FF:FF')) $app = 'MPLS multicast (EtherType is 0x8847 or 0x8848)';
409
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:5E:90:00:00')) $app = 'MPLS-TP p2p';
410
 
411
        // === FAQ "How to recognise a Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) on Link Aggregation Group (LAG) interfaces by MAC address?" ===
412
        // http://www.iana.org/go/rfc7130
413
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:5E:90:00:01')) $app = 'Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) on Link Aggregation Group (LAG) interfaces';
414
 
415
        // === FAQ "How to recognise Token Ring specific functions by MAC address?" ===
416
        // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1060
417
        // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1469
418
        // https://standards.ieee.org/products-services/regauth/grpmac/public.html
419
        // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2470
420
        // http://www.cavebear.com/archive/cavebear/Ethernet/Ethernet.txt
421
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:00:01')) $app = 'NetBIOS (Token Ring)';
422
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:00:02')) $app = 'Locate - Directory Server (Token Ring)';
423
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:00:04')) $app = 'Synchronous Bandwidth Manager (Token Ring)';
424
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:00:08')) $app = 'Configuration Report Server (Token Ring)';
425
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:00:10')) $app = 'Ring Error Monitor (Token Ring)';
426
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:00:20')) $app = 'Network Server Heartbeat (Token Ring)';
427
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:00:40')) $app = 'Ring Parameter Monitor (Token Ring)';
428
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:00:80')) $app = 'Active Monitor (Token Ring)';
429
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:04:00')) $app = 'LAN Manager (Token Ring)';
430
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:08:00')) $app = 'Ring Wiring Concentrator (Token Ring)';
431
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:10:00')) $app = 'LAN Gateway (Token Ring)';
432
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:20:00')) $app = 'Ring Authorization Server (Token Ring)';
433
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:40:00')) $app = 'IMPL Server (Token Ring)';
434
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:80:00')) $app = 'Bridge (Token Ring)';
435
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:20:00:00')) $app = 'Single Token-Ring functional address';
436
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:00:08')) $app = 'Configuration Report Server (CRS) MAC Group address';
437
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:00:10')) $app = 'Ring Error Monitor (REM) MAC Group address';
438
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:00:40')) $app = 'Ring Parameter Server (RPS) MAC group address';
439
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:01:00')) $app = 'All Intermediate System Network Entities address';
440
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:02:00')) $app = 'All End System Network Entities address, and Lobe Media Test (LMT) MAC group address';
441
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:04:00')) $app = 'Generic address for all Manager Stations';
442
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:08:00')) $app = 'All CONs SNARES address';
443
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:10:00')) $app = 'All CONs End System address';
444
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:20:00')) $app = 'Loadable Device Generic address';
445
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:00:40:00')) $app = 'Load Server Generic address';
446
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:40:00:00')) $app = 'Generic address for all Agent Stations';
447
        if (mac_equals($mac, 'C0:00:00:04:00:00')) $app = 'Single Token-Ring functional address';
448
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:80:00:00:00')) $app = 'IPv6 multicast over Token Ring: all-Nodes (FF01::1 and FF02::1) and solicited node (FF02:0:0:0:0:1:FFXX:XXXX) addresses';
449
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:40:00:00:00')) $app = 'IPv6 multicast over Token Ring: all-Routers addresses (FF0X::2)';
450
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:80:00:00')) $app = 'IPv6 multicast over Token Ring: any other multicast address with three least significant bits = 000';
451
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:40:00:00')) $app = 'IPv6 multicast over Token Ring: any other multicast address with three least significant bits = 001';
452
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:20:00:00')) $app = 'IPv6 multicast over Token Ring: any other multicast address with three least significant bits = 010';
453
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:10:00:00')) $app = 'IPv6 multicast over Token Ring: any other multicast address with three least significant bits = 011';
454
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:08:00:00')) $app = 'IPv6 multicast over Token Ring: any other multicast address with three least significant bits = 100';
455
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:04:00:00')) $app = 'IPv6 multicast over Token Ring: any other multicast address with three least significant bits = 101';
456
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:02:00:00')) $app = 'IPv6 multicast over Token Ring: any other multicast address with three least significant bits = 110';
457
        if (mac_equals($mac, '03:00:00:01:00:00')) $app = 'IPv6 multicast over Token Ring: any other multicast address with three least significant bits = 111';
458
 
459
        // === FAQ "How to recognise an AppleTalk protocols by MAC address?" ===
460
        // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1060
461
        // http://www.cavebear.com/archive/cavebear/Ethernet/Ethernet.txt
462
        if (mac_between($mac, '09:00:07:00:00:00', '09:00:07:00:00:FC')) $app = 'AppleTalk zone multicast addresses (EtherType is 0x0802)';
463
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:07:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'AppleTalk broadcast address (EtherType is 0x0802)';
464
 
465
        // === FAQ "How to recognise a TRILL protocols by MAC address?" ===
466
        // http://www.iana.org/go/rfc7455
467
        // https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-trill-oam-framework-04
468
        // https://standards.ieee.org/products-services/regauth/grpmac/public.html
469
        // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7455#appendix-C
470
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:00:5E:90:01:00', '00:00:5E:90:01:00')) $app = 'TRILL OAM';
471
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:5E:90:01:00')) $app = 'TRILL OAM';
472
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:40', '01:80:C2:00:00:4F')) $app = 'Group MAC addresses used by the TRILL protocols';
473
 
474
        // === FAQ "How to recognise an IEEE 802.1X MAC address application?" ===
475
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:0C:CD:01:00:00', '01:0C:CD:01:01:FF')) $app = 'IEC 61850-8-1 GOOSE Type 1/1A, EtherType is 0x88B8';
476
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:0C:CD:02:00:00', '01:0C:CD:02:01:FF')) $app = 'GSSE (IEC 61850 8-1), EtherType is 0x88B9';
477
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:0C:CD:04:00:00', '01:0C:CD:04:01:FF')) $app = 'Multicast sampled values (IEC 61850 8-1), EtherType is 0x88BA';
478
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:1B:19:00:00:00')) $app = 'General group address - An 802.1Q VLAN Bridge would forward the frame unchanged.';
479
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:1B:19:00:00:00')) $app = 'Precision Time Protocol (PTP) version 2 over Ethernet, EtherType is 0x88F7';
480
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:00')) $app = 'Bridge Group address Nearest Customer Bridge group address';
481
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:00')) $app = 'Spanning Tree Protocol (for bridges) IEEE 802.1D, EtherType is 0x0802';
482
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:00')) $app = 'Link Layer Discovery Protocol, EtherType is 0x88CC';
483
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:00', '01:80:C2:00:00:0F')) $app = 'The initial bridging/link protocols block';
484
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:00', '01:80:C2:00:00:0F')) $app = 'IEEE 802.1D MAC Bridge Filtered MAC Group Addresses';
485
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:00', '01:80:C2:00:00:0F')) $app = 'IEEE Pause, 802.3x';
486
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:0A')) $app = 'Reserved for future standardization';
487
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:0B')) $app = 'EDE-SS PEP Address';
488
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:0C')) $app = 'Reserved for future standardization';
489
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:0D')) $app = 'Provider Bridge MVRP address';
490
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:0E')) $app = 'Individual LAN Scope group address, It is intended that no IEEE 802.1 relay device will be defined that will forward frames that carry this destination address';
491
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:0E')) $app = 'Nearest Bridge group address';
492
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:0E')) $app = 'Link Layer Discovery Protocol, EtherType is 0x88CC';
493
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:0E')) $app = 'Precision Time Protocol (PTP) version 2 over Ethernet, EtherType is 0x88F7';
494
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:01')) $app = 'IEEE MAC-specific Control Protocols group address';
495
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:01')) $app = 'Ethernet flow control (Pause frame) IEEE 802.3x, EtherType is 0x8808';
496
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:1A')) $app = 'Generic Address for All Agent Stations';
497
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:1B')) $app = 'All Multicast Capable End Systems address';
498
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:1C')) $app = 'All Multicast Announcements address';
499
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:1D')) $app = 'All Multicast Capable Intermediate Systems address';
500
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:1E')) $app = 'All DTR Concentrators MAC group address';
501
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:1F')) $app = 'EDE-CC PEP Address';
502
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:01', '01:80:C2:00:00:0F')) $app = '802.1 alternate Spanning multicast, EtherType is 0x0802';
503
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:02')) $app = 'Ethernet OAM Protocol IEEE 802.3ah (also known as "slow protocols"), EtherType is 0x8809';
504
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:03')) $app = 'Nearest non-TPMR Bridge group address IEEE Std 802.1X PAE address';
505
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:03')) $app = 'Link Layer Discovery Protocol, EtherType is 0x88CC';
506
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:04')) $app = 'IEEE MAC-specific Control Protocols group address';
507
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:05')) $app = 'Reserved for future standardization';
508
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:06')) $app = 'Reserved for future standardization';
509
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:07')) $app = 'MEF Forum ELMI protocol group address';
510
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:08')) $app = 'Provider Bridge group address';
511
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:08')) $app = 'Spanning Tree Protocol (for provider bridges) IEEE 802.1ad, EtherType is 0x0802';
512
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:09')) $app = 'Reserved for future standardization';
513
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:10')) $app = 'All LANs Bridge Management group address (deprecated)';
514
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:10')) $app = 'Bridge Management, EtherType is 0x0802';
515
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:11')) $app = 'Load Server generic address';
516
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:11')) $app = 'Load Server, EtherType is 0x0802';
517
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:12')) $app = 'Loadable Device generic address';
518
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:12')) $app = 'Loadable Device, EtherType is 0x0802';
519
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:13')) $app = 'Transmission of IEEE 1905.1 control packets';
520
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:14')) $app = 'All Level 1 Intermediate Systems address';
521
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:14')) $app = 'OSI Route level 1 (within area), EtherType is 0x0802';
522
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:15')) $app = 'All Level 2 Intermediate Systems address';
523
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:15')) $app = 'OSI Route level 2 (between area), EtherType is 0x0802';
524
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:16')) $app = 'All CONS End Systems address';
525
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:17')) $app = 'All CONS SNARES address';
526
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:18')) $app = 'Generic address for All Manager Stations';
527
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:19')) $app = 'Groupcast with retries (GCR) MAC group address';
528
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:20', '01:80:C2:00:00:2F')) $app = 'Reserved for use by Multiple Registration Protocol (MRP) applications';
529
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:21')) $app = 'GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (also known as IEEE 802.1q GVRP), EtherType is 0x88f5';
530
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:30', '01:80:C2:00:00:3F')) $app = 'Destination group MAC addresses for CCM and Linktrace messages';
531
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:30', '01:80:C2:00:00:3F')) $app = 'Ethernet CFM Protocol IEEE 802.1ag, EtherType is 0x8902';
532
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:80:C2:00:00:50', '01:80:C2:00:00:FF')) $app = 'Unassigned standard group MAC address';
533
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:01:00')) $app = 'Ring Management Directed Beacon multicast address';
534
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:01:00')) $app = 'FDDI RMT Directed Beacon, EtherType is 0x0802';
535
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:80:C2:00:01:01', '01:80:C2:00:01:0F')) $app = 'Assigned to ISO/IEC JTC1/SC25 for future use';
536
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:01:10')) $app = 'Status Report Frame Status Report Protocol multicast address';
537
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:01:10')) $app = 'FDDI status report frame, EtherType is 0x0802';
538
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:80:C2:00:01:11', '01:80:C2:00:01:1F')) $app = 'Assigned to ISO/IEC JTC1/SC25 for future use';
539
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:01:20')) $app = 'All FDDI Concentrator MACs';
540
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:80:C2:00:01:21', '01:80:C2:00:01:2F')) $app = 'Assigned to ISO/IEC JTC1/SC25 for future use';
541
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:80:C2:00:01:30')) $app = 'Synchronous Bandwidth Allocation address';
542
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:80:C2:00:01:31', '01:80:C2:00:01:FF')) $app = 'Assigned to ISO/IEC JTC1/SC25 for future use';
543
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:80:C2:00:02:00', '01:80:C2:00:02:FF')) $app = 'Assigned to ETSI for future use';
544
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:80:C2:00:03:00', '01:80:C2:FF-FF-FF')) $app = 'Unassigned standard group MAC address';
545
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:4C:00:00:00')) $app = 'BICC 802.1 management, EtherType is 0x0802';
546
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:4C:00:00:0C')) $app = 'BICC Remote bridge STA 802.1(D) Rev8, EtherType is 0x0802';
547
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:4C:00:00:02')) $app = 'BICC 802.1 management, EtherType is 0x0802';
548
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:4C:00:00:06')) $app = 'BICC Local bridge STA 802.1(D) Rev6, EtherType is 0x0802';
549
        if (mac_between($mac, '33:33:00:00:00:00', '33:33:FF:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'IPv6 multicast, EtherType is 0x86DD';
550
 
551
        // === FAQ "How to recognise an ISO 9542 ES-IS protocol's MAC address application?" ===
552
        // https://standards.ieee.org/products-services/regauth/grpmac/public.html
553
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:2B:00:00:04')) $app = 'All End System Network Entities address';
554
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:2B:00:00:05')) $app = 'All Intermediate System Network Entities address';
555
 
556
        // === FAQ "How to recognise an IANA MAC address application?" ===
557
        // https://www.iana.org/assignments/ethernet-numbers/ethernet-numbers.xhtml
558
        // http://www.iana.org/go/rfc7042
559
        // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1060
560
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:00:5E:00-52:14', '00:00:5E:00:52:FF')) $app = 'Unassigned (small allocations)';
561
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:00:5E:00:00:00', '00:00:5E:00:00:FF')) $app = 'Reserved and require IESG Ratification for assignment';
562
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:00:5E:00:03:00', '00:00:5E:00:51:FF')) $app = 'Unassigned';
563
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:00:5E:00:52:00', '00:00:5E:00:52:FF')) $app = 'Is used for very small assignments. Currently, 3 out of these 256 values have been assigned.';
564
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:00:5E:00:52:00', '00:00:5E:00:52:00')) $app = 'PacketPWEthA';
565
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:00:5E:00:52:01', '00:00:5E:00:52:01')) $app = 'PacketPWEthB';
566
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:00:5E:00:52:02', '00:00:5E:00:52:12')) $app = 'Unassigned (small allocations)';
567
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:00:5E:00:53:00', '00:00:5E:00:53:FF')) $app = 'Assigned for use in documentation';
568
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:00:5E:00:54:00', '00:00:5E:90:00:FF')) $app = 'Unassigned';
569
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:00:5E:90:01:01', '00:00:5E:90:01:FF')) $app = 'Unassigned (small allocations requiring both unicast and multicast)';
16 daniel-mar 570
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:00:5E:EF:10:00:00:00', '00:00:5E:EF:10:00:00:FF')) $app = 'General documentation';
571
        if (mac_between($mac, '00:00:5E:FF:FE:00:53:00', '00:00:5E:FF:FE:00:53:FF')) $app = 'EUI-48 derived documentation';
15 daniel-mar 572
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:00:5E:00:00:00', '01:00:5E:7F:FF:FF')) $app = 'DoD Internet Multicast (EtherType is 0x0800)'; // TODO: IPv4-Multicast  (Dabei werden dann die unteren 23 Bit der IP-Multicast-Adresse direkt auf die untersten 23 Bit der MAC-Adresse abgebildet. Der IP-Multicast-Adresse 224.0.0.1 ist somit die Multicast-MAC-Adresse 01-00-5e-00-00-01 fest zugeordnet.)
573
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:00:5E:80:00:00', '01:00:5E:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'DoD Internet';
574
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:5E:90:00:02')) $app = 'AllL1MI-ISs';
575
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:5E:90:00:03')) $app = 'AllL2MI-ISs';
576
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:00:5E:90:00:04', '01:00:5E:90:00:FF')) $app = 'Unassigned (small allocations)';
577
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:00:5E:90:01:01', '01:00:5E:90:01:FF')) $app = 'Unassigned (small allocations requiring both unicast and multicast)';
578
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:00:5E:90:02:00', '01:00:5E:90:0F:FF')) $app = 'Unassigned';
579
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:00:5E:90:02:00', '00:00:5E:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'Unassigned';
580
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:00:5E:90:10:00', '01:00:5E:90:10:FF')) $app = 'Documentation';
581
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:00:5E:90:11:00', '01:00:5E:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'Unassigned';
16 daniel-mar 582
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:00:5E:EF:10:00:00:00', '01:00:5E:EF:10:00:00:FF')) $app = 'General documentation';
583
        if (mac_between($mac, '02:00:5E:00:00:00:00:00', '02:00:5E:0F:FF:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'Reserved';
584
        if (mac_between($mac, '02:00:5E:10:00:00:00:00', '02:00:5E:10:00:00:00:FF')) $app = 'Documentation';
585
        if (mac_between($mac, '02:00:5E:10:00:00:01:00', '02:00:5E:EF:FF:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'Unassigned';
586
        if (mac_between($mac, '02:00:5E:F0:00:00:00:00', '02:00:5E:FD:FF:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'Reserved';
587
        if (mac_between($mac, '02:00:5E:FE:00:00:00:00', '02:00:5E:FE:FF:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'IPv4 Addr Holders';
588
        if (mac_between($mac, '02:00:5E:FF:00:00:00:00', '02:00:5E:FF:FD:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'Reserved';
589
        if (mac_between($mac, '02:00:5E:FF:FE:00:00:00', '02:00:5E:FF:FE:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'IANA EUI-48 Holders';
590
        if (mac_between($mac, '02:00:5E:FF:FF:00:00:00', '02:00:5E:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'Reserved';
591
        if (mac_between($mac, '03:00:5E:00:00:00:00:00', '03:00:5E:0F:FF:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'Reserved';
592
        if (mac_between($mac, '03:00:5E:10:00:00:00:00', '03:00:5E:10:00:00:00:FF')) $app = 'Documentation';
593
        if (mac_between($mac, '03:00:5E:10:00:00:01:00', '03:00:5E:EF:FF:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'Unassigned';
594
        if (mac_between($mac, '03:00:5E:F0:00:00:00:00', '03:00:5E:FD:FF:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'Reserved';
595
        if (mac_between($mac, '03:00:5E:FF:00:00:00:00', '03:00:5E:FF:FD:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'Reserved';
596
        if (mac_between($mac, '03:00:5E:FF:FE:00:00:00', '03:00:5E:FF:FE:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'IANA EUI-48 Holders';
597
        if (mac_between($mac, '03:00:5E:FF:FF:00:00:00', '03:00:5E:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'Reserved';
15 daniel-mar 598
 
599
        // === FAQ "How to recognise a Cisco's MAC address application?" ===
600
        // https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/switches/catalyst-4500-series-switches/13414-103.html
601
        // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1060
602
        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicast_address#cite_note-15
603
        // http://www.cavebear.com/archive/cavebear/Ethernet/Ethernet.txt
604
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:0C:00:00:00')) $app = 'Inter Switch Link (ISL)';
605
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:0C:CC:CC:CC')) $app = 'CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol), VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol), EtherType is 0x0802';
606
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:0C:CC:CC:CC')) $app = 'Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP), SNAP HDLC Protocol Type is 0x0104';
607
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:0C:CC:CC:CC')) $app = 'Unidirectional Link Detection (UDLD), SNAP HDLC Protocol Type is 0x0111';
608
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:0C:CC:CC:CC')) $app = 'Dynamic Trunking (DTP), SNAP HDLC Protocol Type is 0x2004';
609
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:0C:CC:CC:CC')) $app = 'VLAN Trunking (VTP), SNAP HDLC Protocol Type is 0x2003';
610
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:0C:CC:CC:CD')) $app = 'Cisco Shared Spanning Tree Protocol address, EtherType is 0x0802';
611
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:0C:CC:CC:CD')) $app = 'Spanning Tree PVSTP+, SNAP HDLC Protocol Type is 0x010B';
612
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:0C:CD:CD:CD')) $app = 'STP Uplink Fast, SNAP HDLC Protocol Type is 0x200A';
613
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:0C:CD:CD:CE')) $app = 'VLAN Bridge, SNAP HDLC Protocol Type is 0x010C';
614
        if (mac_equals($mac, '01:00:0C:DD:DD:DD')) $app = 'CGMP (Cisco Group Management Protocol)';
615
 
616
        // === FAQ "How to recognise an ITU-T's MAC address application?" ===
617
        // https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/studygroups/2017-2020/15/Documents/IEEE-assigned_OUIs-30-06-2017.docx
618
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:19:A7:00:00:00', '01:19:A7:00:00:FF')) $app = 'R-APS per G.8032';
619
        if (mac_between($mac, '01:19:A7:52:76:90', '01:19:A7:52:76:9F')) $app = 'Multicast per G.9961';
620
 
621
        // === FAQ "How to recognise Digital Equipment Corporation's MAC address application?" ===
622
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:2B:00:00:00')) $app = 'DEC MUMPS, EtherType is 0x6009';
623
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:2B:00:00:0F')) $app = 'DEC Local Area Transport (LAT), EtherType is 0x6004';
624
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:2B:00:00:01')) $app = 'DEC DSM/DDP, EtherType is 0x8039';
625
        if (mac_between($mac, '09:00:2B:00:00:10', '09:00:2B:00:00:1F')) $app = 'DEC Experimental';
626
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:2B:00:00:02')) $app = 'DEC VAXELN, EtherType is 0x803B';
627
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:2B:00:00:03')) $app = 'DEC Lanbridge Traffic Monitor (LTM), EtherType is 0x8038';
628
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:2B:00:00:04')) $app = 'DEC MAP End System';
629
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:2B:00:00:05')) $app = 'DEC MAP Intermediate System';
630
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:2B:00:00:06')) $app = 'DEC CSMA/CD Encryption, EtherType is 0x803D';
631
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:2B:00:00:07')) $app = 'DEC NetBios Emulator, EtherType is 0x8040';
632
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:2B:01:00:00')) $app = 'DEC LanBridge, EtherType is 0x8038';
633
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:2B:01:00:01')) $app = 'DEC LanBridge, EtherType is 0x8038';
634
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:2B:02:00:00')) $app = 'DEC DNA Level 2 Routing';
635
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:2B:02:01:00')) $app = 'DEC DNA Naming Service Advertisement, EtherType is 0x803C';
636
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:2B:02:01:01')) $app = 'DEC DNA Naming Service Solicitation, EtherType is 0x803C';
637
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:2B:02:01:02')) $app = 'DEC Distributed Time Service, EtherType is 0x803E';
638
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:2B:02:01:09')) $app = 'DEC Availability Manager for Distributed Systems DECamds, EtherType is 0x8048';
639
        if (mac_between($mac, '09:00:2B:03:00:00', '09:00:2B:03:FF:FF')) $app = 'DEC default filtering by bridges';
640
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:2B:04:00:00')) $app = 'DEC Local Area System Transport (LAST), EtherType is 0x8041';
641
        if (mac_equals($mac, '09:00:2B:23:00:00')) $app = 'DEC Argonaut Console, EtherType is 0x803A';
642
        if (mac_equals($mac, 'AB:00:00:01:00:00')) $app = 'DEC Maintenance Operation Protocol (MOP) Dump/Load Assistance, EtherType is 0x6001';
643
        if (mac_equals($mac, 'AB:00:00:02:00:00')) $app = 'DEC Maintenance Operation Protocol (MOP), EtherType is 0x6002';
644
        if (mac_equals($mac, 'AB:00:00:03:00:00')) $app = 'DECNET Phase IV end node, EtherType is 0x6003';
645
        if (mac_equals($mac, 'AB:00:00:04:00:00')) $app = 'DECNET Phase IV Router, EtherType is 0x6003';
646
        if (mac_between($mac, 'AB:00:00:05:00:00', 'AB:00:03:FF:FF:FF')) $app = 'Reserved DEC';
647
        if (mac_equals($mac, 'AB:00:03:00:00:00')) $app = 'DEC Local Area Transport (LAT) - old, EtherType is 0x6004';
648
        if (mac_between($mac, 'AB:00:04:00:00:00', 'AB:00:04:00:FF:FF')) $app = 'Reserved DEC customer private use';
16 daniel-mar 649
        if (mac_between($mac, 'AB:00:04:01:00:00', 'AB:00:04:01:FF:FF')) $app = 'DEC Local Area VAX Cluster groups System Communication Architecture (SCA), EtherType is 0x6007';
15 daniel-mar 650
 
651
        if ($app) {
652
                echo sprintf("%-32s %s\n", "Special use:", $app);
653
        }
654
 
2 daniel-mar 655
}
15 daniel-mar 656
 
657
/**
658
 * @param string $mac1
659
 * @param string $mac2
660
 * @return bool
661
 */
662
function mac_equals(string $mac1, string $mac2): bool {
16 daniel-mar 663
        $mac1test = eui64_to_eui48($mac1);
664
        if ($mac1test === false) return false;
665
        $mac2test = eui64_to_eui48($mac2);
666
        if ($mac2test === false) return false;
667
 
668
        if (eui_bits($mac1test) != eui_bits($mac2test)) {
669
                $mac1test = eui48_to_eui64($mac1);
670
                $mac2test = eui48_to_eui64($mac2);
671
        }
672
 
673
        return mac_canonize($mac1test) == mac_canonize($mac2test);
15 daniel-mar 674
}
675
 
676
/**
677
 * @param string $mac
678
 * @param string $low
679
 * @param string $high
680
 * @return bool
681
 */
682
function mac_between(string $mac, string $low, string $high): bool {
16 daniel-mar 683
        $mactest = eui64_to_eui48($mac);
684
        if ($mactest === false) return false;
685
        $lowtest = eui64_to_eui48($low);
686
        if ($lowtest === false) return false;
687
        $hightest = eui64_to_eui48($high);
688
        if ($hightest === false) return false;
15 daniel-mar 689
 
16 daniel-mar 690
        if ((eui_bits($mactest) != eui_bits($lowtest)) || (eui_bits($lowtest) != eui_bits($hightest))) {
691
                $mactest = eui48_to_eui64($mac);
692
                $lowtest = eui48_to_eui64($low);
693
                $hightest = eui48_to_eui64($high);
694
        }
15 daniel-mar 695
 
16 daniel-mar 696
        $mactest = strtoupper(preg_replace('@[^0-9A-F]@', '', $mactest));
697
        $lowtest = strtoupper(preg_replace('@[^0-9A-F]@', '', $lowtest));
698
        $hightest = strtoupper(preg_replace('@[^0-9A-F]@', '', $hightest));
15 daniel-mar 699
 
16 daniel-mar 700
        $mactest = gmp_init($mactest, 16);
701
        $lowtest = gmp_init($lowtest, 16);
702
        $hightest = gmp_init($hightest, 16);
15 daniel-mar 703
 
16 daniel-mar 704
        return (gmp_cmp($mactest, $lowtest) >= 0) && (gmp_cmp($mactest, $hightest) <= 0);
15 daniel-mar 705
}