WebSVN – oidinfo_new_design – Blame – /trunk/introduction.htm

Rev	Author	Line No.	Line
2	daniel-mar	1	<!DOCTYPE html>
		2	<html lang="en">
		3	<head>
		4	<title>OID repository - Introduction</title>
		5	<meta charset="UTF-8"><!-- <meta content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" http-equiv="content-type"> -->
		6	<meta name="google-translate-customization" content="ae799a386ca63905-075d0f84d2caa8b0-g8dbf29cdfe9cdbeb-c">
		7	<link rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css">
		8	<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
		9	<meta name="DESCRIPTION" content="This OID repository gathers information about Object Identifiers (OIDs), and provides tools to display and search for this information.">
		10	<meta name="keywords" content="object identifier oid OID repository registration authority ISO ITU">
		11	<link rel="SHORTCUT ICON" href="/images/favicon.ico">
		12	<script src="scripts.js"></script>
		13	</head>
		14	<body id="body" onload="_onload()">
		15	<div id="global_container">
		16	<div id="header">
		17	<a href="index.htm">
		18	<img src="images/treewall.jpg" width="130" height="110">
		19	</a>
		20	<h1 style="color: rgb(226, 137, 34);font-size: 35px; font-weight:bold;">OID Repository</h1><br><br><br><br>
		21	<div id="header_url_and_menu">
		22	<div id="header_url">
		23	<span style="color: rgb(226, 137, 34);font-size: 15px; font-weight:bold; margin-left:10px; display:inline-block;">www.oid-info.com</span>
		24	</div>
		25	<div id="header_url_right">
		26	<ul id="header_menu">
		27	<li><a href="index.htm">Home</a></li>
		28	<li><a href="/cgi-bin/display?tree=">Tree display</a></li>
		29	<li><a href="basic-search.htm">Search</a></li>
		30	<li><a href="faq.htm">FAQ</a></li>
		31	<li><a href="/helper">Helper</a></li>
		32	</ul>
		33	</div>
		34	</div>
		35	<div style="top: 11px; left: 694px; margin-left:-120px;" id="search">
		36	<span style="color: rgb(226, 137, 34); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold;">Display OID:</span> <br>
		37	<form name="form_go" method="get" action="/cgi-bin/display" enctype="multipart/form-data">
		38	<input type="hidden" name="action" value="display">
		39	<input name="oid" size="20" value="" onfocus="empty();" placeholder="-- OID --" type="text"> <input value="Go" type="submit">
		40	</form>
		41	</div>
		42	<div id="google_translate">
		43	<script>
		44	function googleTranslateElementInit() {
		45	new google.translate.TranslateElement({ pageLanguage: 'en', layout: google.translate.TranslateElement.InlineLayout.SIMPLE, gaTrack: true, gaId: 'UA-33779649-1' }, 'google_translate_element');
		46	}
		47	</script>
		48	<!--<script src="//translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=googleTranslateElementInit">
		49	</script>-->
		50	</div>
		51	</div>
		52	</div>
		53	<div id="mobile_version">
		54	<aside class="sidebar">
		55	<nav id="navigation" role="navigation">
		56	<form name="form_go" method="get" action="/cgi-bin/display" enctype="multipart/form-data">
		57	<a><input name="oid" id="searchbox_mobile" size="35" value="" onfocus="empty();" placeholder="-- Display OID --" type="search"></a>
		58	</form>
		59	<a href="index.htm">Home</a>
		60	<a href="/cgi-bin/display?tree=">Tree display</a>
		61	<a href="basic-search.htm">Search</a>
		62	<a href="faq.htm">FAQ</a>
		63	<a href="/helper">Chatbot helper</a>
		64	</nav>
		65	</aside>
		66	</div>
		67	<div class="wrapper">
		68	<table width="100%" id="header_mobile">
		69	<tr>
		70	<td width="20%">
		71	<a href="#body" class="nav-button-open" aria-label="open navigation"></a>
		72	<a href="#" class="nav-button-close" aria-label="close navigation"></a>
		73	</td>
		74	<td width="60%" valign="middle">
		75	<h1 style="color: rgb(226, 137, 34);font-size: 18px; font-weight:bold; text-align:right;">OID Repository</h1>
		76	<div id="header_url">
		77	<span style="color: rgb(226, 137, 34);font-size: 15px; font-weight:bold; margin-left:10px; display:inline-block;">www.oid-info.com</span>
		78	</div>
		79	</td>
		80	<td width="20%"><a href="index.htm"><img src="images/treewall.jpg" style="height:10vh;width:auto"></a></td>
		81	</tr>
		82	</table>
		83
		84	<div id="global_content">
		85	<div id="introduction">
		86
		87	<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
		88	<tbody>
		89	<tr>
		90	<td><span class="page_title"><a name="oid"></a>Introduction to OIDs</span></td>
		91	</tr>
		92	<tr><td>
		93	<p>
		94	The Object Identifier (OID) concept and implementation dates back to
		95	the mid-1980s, based on collaboration with the International Federation
		96	for Information Processing (IFIP) over the previous several years.
		97	</p>
		98	<p>
		99	OIDs provide a persistent identification of objects based on a hierarchical
		100	structure of Registration Authorities (RA), where each parent has an
		101	object identifier and allocates object identifiers to child nodes. It
		102	provides a universal and flexible identification scheme for persistent
		103	objects. It has been supported and recommended by ITU-T, ISO and IEC,
		104	and has been used in many ITU-T (and ITU-R) Recommendations, and ISO
		105	and IEC International Standards, since the middle 1980s, as part of
		106	the ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One).
		107	</p>
		108	<p>
		109	Almost any organization, Recommendation, or Standard can obtain (if
		110	it not already has) an OID node. OIDs are fundamental for all security
		111	work in ITU, ISO and IETF, and are widely used in many standards.
		112	</p>
		113	</td></tr>
		114
		115	<tr><td>
		116	<p>
		117	<img src="images/fl.png" style="width: 10px; height: 8px;"
		118	width="41" border="0" height="8"> <a href="faq.htm#16"><span style="font-size:11px;">
		119	What
		120	do we call a registration tree (or object identifier tree)?
		121	</span></a>
		122	</p>
		123	<p>
		124	<img src="images/fl.png" style="width: 10px; height: 8px;"
		125	width="41" border="0" height="8"> <a href="faq.htm#18"><span style="font-size:11px;">
		126	How
		127	is the entire registration tree managed?
		128	</span></a>
		129	</p>
		130	<p>
		131	<img src="images/fl.png" style="width: 10px; height: 8px;" width="41" border="0" height="8"> <a href="#" onclick="showdiv('Q3');"><span style="font-size:11px;">
		132	Where
		133	can I learn more about OIDs and registration?
		134	</span></a>
		135	</p>
		136	</td></tr>
		137
		138	</tbody>
		139	</table>
		140	<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
		141	<tbody>
		142	<tr>
		143	<span class="section_title"><a name="long-arc"></a>Internationalization and the long arc concept</span>
		144	</tr>
		145	</tbody>
		146	</table>
		147	<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
		148	<tbody>
		149	<tr><td>
		150	<p>
		151	In the early years of 2000, the Object Identifier tree was renamed as
		152	the International Object Identifier tree, and the names of arcs were
		153	extended to allow what were called "Unicode labels" - names in any language,
		154	using the <a href="http://www.unicode.org">Unicode</a> character set
		155	- and were made available for computer communication alongside the original
		156	numbers.
		157	</p>
		158	<p>
		159	At the same time, the concept of "long arcs" from the root of the International
		160	OID tree to a node at level 2 or below was introduced. Long arcs do
		161	not have numerical values, but provide an unambiguous reference to the
		162	node from the root using a Unicode label.
		163	</p>
		164	<p>
		165	Use of a path specified purely in terms of the set of Unicode labels
		166	on the (normal or long) arcs from the root to a node is called an International
		167	Object Identifier for that node.
		168	</p>
		169	<p>
		170	In order to support names of arcs in multiple languages, an arc can
		171	have multiple Unicode labels, giving rise to a need to transform a path
		172	using Unicode labels into a canonical form of purely numerical labels
		173	to identify the node. This is handled by the OID Resolution System (described
		174	below).
		175	</p>
		176	</td></tr>
		177
		178	<tr><td>
		179	<img src="images/fl.png" style="width: 10px; height: 8px;" width="41" border="0" height="8">
		180	<a href="faq.htm#iri"><span style="font-size:11px;">
		181	What
		182	is an OID-IRI (Internationalized Resource Identifier)?
		183	</span></a>
		184	</td></tr>
		185
		186	</tbody>
		187	</table>
		188	<br><table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
		189	<tbody>
		190	<tr>
		191	<td><span class="section_title"><a name="use"></a>Use of OIDs</span></td>
		192	</tr>
		193	<tr><td>
		194	<p>
		195	It is hard to summarize the uses. This OID repository gives an impression
		196	of the wide-spread use.
		197	</p>
		198	<p>Known areas of use include:</p>
		199	<ul>
		200	<li>
		201	Extensive use in security in IETF, Rec. ITU-T X.500, ISO/IEC, RSA
		202	and NIST encryption algorithms, etc.;
		203	</li>
		204	<li> extensive use in e-health standards;</li>
		205	<li>
		206	extensive use for network management (Management Information Bases,
		207	MIBS);
		208	</li>
		209	<li>use related to RFID tags;</li>
		210	<li>emerging use for the Common Alerting Protocol for disaster notification:</li>
		211	<li>use forcybersecurity alerts. </li>
		212	</ul>
		213	</td></tr>
		214	<tr><td>
		215	<p>
		216	<img src="images/fl.png" style="width: 10px; height: 8px;"
		217	width="41" border="0" height="8"> <a href="faq.htm#2"><span style="font-size:11px;">
		218	Which
		219	kind of objects can be referenced by OIDs?
		220	</span></a>
		221	</p>
		222	<p>
		223	<img src="images/fl.png" style="width: 10px; height: 8px;"
		224	width="41" border="0" height="8"> <a href="faq.htm#10"><span style="font-size:11px;">
		225	How
		226	to get an OID assigned?
		227	</span></a>
		228	</p>
		229	</td></tr>
		230	</tbody>
		231	</table>
		232
		233	<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
		234	<tbody>
		235	<tr>
		236	<td><span class="section_title"><a name="ors"></a>Introduction to the ORS (OID Resolution System)</span></td>
		237	</tr>
		238	</tbody>
		239	</table>
		240	<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
		241	<tbody>
		242	<tr><td>
		243	<p>
		244	Given that there are multiple ways of identifying an International
		245	Object Identifier tree node by a set of Unicode labels defining the
		246	path from the root to that node, there was a requirement to be able
		247	to transform that by an efficient on-line look-up into a canonical form
		248	consisting of the all-numeric identification of arcs of the path (canonicalization).
		249	</p>
		250	<p>
		251	There was also a requirement for the management of a node to be able
		252	to store (and applications to retrieve) information associated with
		253	a node in a flexible way (node information retrieval). This was first
		254	identified in terms of RFID applications (What is the content of this
		255	jar of jam? Who is the owner of this piece of hold baggage? etc.) but
		256	now extends more widely.
		257	</p>
		258	<p>
		259	There was a requirement for both of these look-up activities to be
		260	fully supported by authentication of the returned result with a trust
		261	anchor.
		262	</p>
		263	<p>
		264	The OID Resolution System (ORS) was developed from 2004 onwards, and
		265	allows an application to obtain (online) application-specific information
		266	related to any node identified by an OID.
		267	</p>
		268	<p>
		269	The ORS enables any one of the OID nodes to be mapped into DNS name
		270	zone files, and information about it can be obtained by a DNS look-up
		271	for further application processing. The system was initially designed
		272	to support RFID tag activity, but also has applications in many other
		273	application areas.
		274	</p>
		275	</td></tr>
		276	<tr><td>
		277	<img src="images/fl.png" style="width: 10px; height: 8px;"
		278	width="41" border="0" height="8"> More
		279	information in the
		280	<a href="http://www.itu.int/pub/T-HDB-LNG.4-2010">OID
		281	handbook</a> (part 6)
		282	</td></tr>
		283	</tbody>
		284	</table>
		285	<br><table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
		286	<tbody>
		287	<tr>
		288	<td><span class="section_title"><a name="features"></a>Features of the ORS (OID Resolution System)</span></td>
		289	</tr>
		290	<tr><td>
		291	<ul>
		292	<li>
		293	<em>Support for the International Object Identifier tree naming scheme</em>:
		294	Uses Unicode, so all languages can be included in the identification
		295	of an object.<br><br></li>
		296	<li>
		297	<em>Relation to DNS</em>: International OIDs map to DNS names of the
		298	form <code>zz.yy.xx.oid-res.org</code>. Look-ups are based on DNS zone-file
		299	information, obtained via DNS port 53 (designed for the return of
		300	application-specific information).<br><br></li>
		301	<li>
		302	<em>Security</em>: DNS servers supporting the mapping from the International
		303	OID tree are required to support the DNSSEC protocol of the IETF,
		304	and will return information authenticated using an ITU-T X.500 certificate
		305	chain and a trust anchor.<br><br></li>
		306	<li>
		307	<em>Hierarchical structure</em><strong>:</strong>Any Registration Authority
		308	that has been allocated a node in the International OID tree can make
		309	allocations to children (entirely within its own responsibility),
		310	and can provide (if requested) a pointer from its DNS zone files to
		311	a server maintained by its child for its own DNS zone files. This
		312	is entirely a matter between the parent and child, and is not constrained.<br><br></li>
		313	<li>
		314	<em>Absence of restrictions</em>: The International OID tree has potentially
		315	infinitely many children from each node, and an infinite depth of
		316	the tree. There is also no length restriction on the names used to
		317	identify arcs (or on the characters used, within Unicode).<br><br></li>
		318	<li>
		319	<em>Application data</em>: The ORS can resolve an OID into its canonical
		320	form, and can return authenticated URLs for access to any application
		321	information recorded in the zone files for that OID.
		322	</li>
		323	</ul>
		324	</td></tr>
		325	</tbody>
		326	</table>
		327	</div>
		328	<div class="clear"></div>
		329	</div>
		330
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		351	15 Apr 2022
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Subversion Repositories oidinfo_new_design

oidinfo_new_design/trunk/introduction.htm – Rev 2